Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Participants at Moment of Switch to Tenofovir Alafenamide and/or Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor, by Switch Group
| Characteristic | Switch to TAF (n = 1544) | Switch to INSTI (n = 2629) | Switch to TAF + INSTI (n = 918) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex at birth | 1322 (85.6) | 2197 (83.6) | 773 (84.2) | .210a |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 51.5 (44.0–58.3) | 48.0 (41.3–55.3) | 49.7 (41.9–55.5) | <.001b |
| <40 | 253 (16.4) | 575 (21.8) | 188 (20.5) | <.001a |
| 40–49 y | 430 (27.9) | 948 (36.1) | 277 (30.2) | |
| 50–59 y | 541 (35.0) | 735 (28.0) | 329 (35.8) | |
| ≥60 | 320 (20.7) | 371 (14.1) | 124 (13.5) | |
| Region of origin | .065a | |||
| Western regions | 1131 (73.3) | 1888 (71.8) | 638 (69.6) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 150 (9.7) | 306 (11.6) | 99 (10.8) | |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 166 (10.7) | 260 (9.9) | 104 (11.3) | |
| East and Southeast Asia | 62 (4.0) | 110 (4.2) | 39 (4.2) | |
| Other regions | 35 (2.3) | 65 (2.5) | 38 (4.1) | |
| HIV characteristics, median (IQR) | ||||
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 11.7 (7.4–17.5) | 9.9 (6.1–15.2) | 11.1 (7.4–15.7) | <.001b |
| Years since start of first ART | 9.3 (5.8–15.7) | 7.9 (4.6–13.6) | 8.7 (5.8–14.2) | <.001b |
| Prior years with UDT viral load | 7.2 (4.6–11.0) | 5.8 (3.3–9.4) | 7.1 (4.5–10.0) | <.001b |
| CD4 count, cells/µL | 665 (520–845) | 630 (485–798) | 690 (525–864) | <.001b |
| CD8 count, cells/µL | 827 (630–1080) | 847 (638–1100) | 807 (622–1098) | .250b |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.76 (0.54–1.06) | 0.84 (0.61–1.12) | .001b |
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 78.0 (69.0–86.8) | 76.0 (67.9–85.0) | 78.0 (68.9–87.0) | <.001b |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 24.4 (22.3–26.8) | 24.1 (21.8–26.7) | 24.3 (22.3–27.0) | .003b |
| BMI categoryc | ||||
| Underweight | 44 (2.8) | 89 (3.4) | 27 (2.9) | .310a |
| Normal weight | 831 (53.9) | 1481 (56.3) | 489 (53.3) | |
| Overweight | 519 (33.6) | 831 (31.6) | 305 (33.2) | |
| Obese | 150 (9.7) | 228 (8.7) | 97 (10.6) | |
| Weight change prebaseline, kg/y median (IQR) | 0 (−0.67 to +1.07) | 0 (−0.63 to +1.00) | 0 (−0.62 to +1.13) | .800b |
| Type of INSTI | <.001a | |||
| Raltegravir | NA | 525 (20.0) | 4 (0.4) | |
| Elvitegravir | NA | 360 (13.7) | 778 (84.8) | |
| Dolutegravir | NA | 1744 (66.3) | 60 (6.5) | |
| Bictegravir | NA | 0 (0.0) | 76 (8.3) | |
| Change third agent at baseline | <.001a | |||
| Stop efavirenz | 99 (6.4) | 840 (32.0) | 384 (41.8) | |
| Stop nevirapine | 23 (1.5) | 299 (11.4) | 126 (13.7) | |
| Stop darunavir | 10 (0.7) | 362 (13.8) | 149 (16.2) | |
| Stop atazanavir | 66 (4.3) | 398 (15.1) | 121 (13.2) | |
| Stop lopinavir | 9 (0.6) | 163 (6.2) | 27 (2.9) | |
| Stop other NNRTI | 10 (0.7) | 274 (10.4) | 91 (9.9) | |
| Stop other PI | 1 (0.1) | 33 (1.3) | 5 (0.5) | |
| No change in PI or NNRTI | 1326 (85.9) | 257 (9.8) | 14 (1.5) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Change NRTI at baseline | <.001a | |||
| Stop TDF | 1472 (95.3) | 979 (37.2) | 834 (90.9) | |
| Stop abacavir | 36 (2.3) | 91 (3.5) | 52 (5.7) | |
| Stop other NRTI | 26 (1.7) | 241 (9.2) | 19 (2.1) | |
| No change in NRTI | 10 (0.7) | 1315 (50.0) | 12 (1.3) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Current smokingd | 288 (18.7) | 647 (24.6) | 186 (20.3) | <.001a |
| Current alcohol consumptione | 421 (27.3) | 941 (35.8) | 260 (28.3) | <.001a |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 339 (22.0) | 465 (17.7) | 157 (17.1) | <.001a |
| Diabetes mellitus | 85 (5.5) | 138 (5.2) | 37 (4.0) | .250a |
| Metabolic syndrome | 29 (1.9) | 44 (1.7) | 19 (2.1) | .720a |
| Lipodystrophy | 240 (15.5) | 609 (23.2) | 144 (15.7) | <.001a |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; UDT, undetectable.
Pearson χ2 test.
Kruskal-Wallis test.
BMI was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30.0 kg/m2).
Information on smoking unknown in 814/1544, 1022/2629, and 464/918 individuals per switch group, respectively.
Information on alcohol consumption unknown in 956/1544, 1325/2629, and 537/918 individuals per switch group, respectively.