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. 2022 Jul 20;20:339. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01554-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Cellular uptake of the NPs and the synergism of CUR and RSV. a, b Cellular uptake of the NPs was detected by a fluorescence survey of CUR and SYTO 63 with an inverted-type laser scanning confocal microscope. c IC₅₀ values were used to determine the cytotoxicity of individual drug treatments. d CI values for CUR and RSV in HepG2 cells, with CI values of less than 1, 1, and more than 1 indicating synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects, respectively, as calculated by CompuSyn software. e Effect of NPs on HepG2 cell viability at 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 h