Table 1.

Univariate association with pericardial effusion

Characteristic	Effusion (N = 32)	No effusion (N = 2785)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Body mass index	25.7 ± 6.0 (32)	27.8 ± 5.7 (2741)	0.92 (0.86–1.00)	0.038
BMI <20 kg/m2	15.6% (5/32)	4.3% (117/2741)	4.15 (1.57–10.98)	0.004
Age (years)	78.4 ± 13.6 (32)	75.7 ± 12.7 (2782)	1.02 (0.99–1.06)	0.229
Age ≥75	65.6% (21/32)	65.0% (1809/2782)	1.03 (0.49–2.14)	0.944
Age ≥85	46.9% (15/32)	23.2% (646/2782)	2.92 (1.45–5.87)	0.003
Female	62.5% (20/32)	39.6% (1103/2783)	2.54 (1.24–5.21)	0.011
Cardiomyopathy	15.6% (5/32)	15.3% (427/2783)	1.02 (0.39–2.67)	0.965
Congestive heart failure	28.1% (9/32)	15.6% (433/2783)	2.12 (0.98–4.62)	0.058
Coronary artery disease	15.6% (5/32)	25.2% (702/2783)	0.55 (0.21–1.43)	0.220
Myocardial infarction	15.6% (5/32)	8.8% (246/2783)	1.91 (0.73–5.00)	0.188
Hypertension	68.8% (22/32)	69.8% (1942/2783)	0.95 (0.45–2.02)	0.900
Pulmonary hypertension	12.5% (4/32)	7.9% (220/2783)	1.66 (0.58–4.79)	0.345
Coronary artery intervention	18.8% (6/32)	14.8% (411/2783)	1.33 (0.55–3.26)	0.529
COPD	28.1% (9/32)	11.2% (313/2783)	3.09 (1.42–6.73)	0.005
Diabetes	28.1% (9/32)	27.5% (764/2783)	1.03 (0.48–2.25)	0.932
Preclusion for transvenous pacing	18.8% (6/32)	19.4% (540/2782)	0.96 (0.39–2.34)	0.925
AF history	50.0% (16/32)	72.9% (2028/2783)	0.37 (0.19–0.75)	0.006
Prior cardiac surgery	12.5% (4/32)	24.8% (690/2783)	0.43 (0.15–1.24)	0.119
On OAC	67.7% (21/31)	73.5% (2036/2769)	0.76 (0.35–1.61)	0.469
Renal dysfunction (any)	25.0% (8/32)	21.5% (597/2783)	1.22 (0.55–2.73)	0.627
Renal dysfunction (dialysis required)	12.5% (4/32)	7.0% (195/2783)	1.90 (0.66–5.46)	0.236

AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OAC, oral anticoagulation.