Table 1.
Characteristics of 162 patients with MVP dichotomized according to the presence of TWI in ≥3 ECG leads (n = 20) and TWI in <3 ECG leads (n = 142)
| Total (n = 162) | TWI < 3ECG leads (n = 142) | TWI ≥ 3ECG leads (n = 20) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years±SD | 50 ± 16 | 50 ± 16 | 45 ± 15 | 0.20 |
| Female, n (%) | 93 (57) | 78 (55) | 15 (75) | 0.10 |
| Syncope, n (%) | 29 (18) | 26 (18) | 3 (15) | 1.00 |
| Palpitations, n (%) | 116 (72) | 100 (70) | 16 (80) | 0.60 |
| Arrhythmias | ||||
| VA, n (%) | 66 (41) | 54 (38) | 12 (60) | 0.06 |
| Severe VA, n (%) | 16 (10) | 11 (8) | 5 (25) | 0.02 |
| Electrocardiogram | ||||
| QRS duration, ms±SD | 95 ± 13 | 95 ± 14 | 90 ± 8 | 0.12 |
| QRS fragmentation, n (%) | 23 (14) | 22 (15) | 1 (5) | 0.31 |
| QTc, ms±SD | 412 ± 37 | 409 ± 37 | 429 ± 31 | 0.02 |
| 24 h Holter monitoring | ||||
| PVCs count,an±SD | 2.34 ± 1.09 | 2.29 ± 1.08 | 2.71 ± 1.17 | 0.16 |
| Cardiac magnetic resonanceb | ||||
| Bileaflet MVP, n (%) | 43 (27) | 34 (24) | 9 (45) | 0.02 |
| Inferolateral MAD distance | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 0.005 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2±SD | 82 ± 24 | 81 ± 22 | 89 ± 33 | 0.26 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2±SD | 35 ± 12 | 34 ± 12 | 40 ± 17 | 0.12 |
| LV EF, %±SD | 58 ± 7 | 58 ± 7 | 55 ± 7 | 0.18 |
| LGE, n (%) | 54 (33) | 46 (32) | 8 (40) | 0.48 |
| Basal LV wall LGE, n (%) | 34 (21) | 30 (21) | 4 (20) | 1.00 |
| Papillary muscles LGE, n (%) | 21 (13) | 17 (12) | 4 (20) | 0.30 |
| Average T1 time, ms±SD | 1267 ± 43 | 1262 ± 43 | 1290 ± 42 | 0.09 |
| Septal T1 time, mc±SD | 1273 ± 47 | 1268 ± 46 | 1298 ± 46 | 0.08 |
| Lateral T1 time, ms±SD | 1257 ± 45 | 1253 ± 44 | 1280 ± 42 | 0.09 |
| Average ECV, %±SD | 27 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 29 ± 4 | 0.01 |
| Septal ECV, %±SD | 27 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 29 ± 4 | 0.02 |
| Lateral ECV, %±SD | 27 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 29 ± 5 | 0.03 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD) and categorical variables as frequencies (%). P values are calculated by Student’s t-test, χ2, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Bold values denote statistical significance.
BSA, body surface area; ECG, electrocardiogram; ECV, extracellular volume; EF, ejection fraction; LV, left ventricular; LVEDVi, LV end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA; LVESVi, LV end-systolic volume indexed to BSA; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; MAD, mitral annulus disjunction; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; TWI, T-wave inversion; PVCs, premature ventricular contractions; VA, ventricular arrhythmias.
Log base 10 transformation of the PVCs count was performed to assure normal distribution.
CMR was available in 120 patients and LGE in 113 patients, T1-mapping CMR sequences were available in 56 patients.