Mice without Keap1- and β-TrCP-mediated Nrf2 degradation pathways exhibit severe growth retardation. (A) Schematic showing the mutant mice with Keap1 knocked down and the Nrf2SA mutation. We crossed the Nrf2SA/SA mice with two types of Keap1 knockdown mice: Keap1FA/FA and Keap1FA/– mice. (B) Body weight changes in Keap1+/+::Nrf2+/+, Keap1+/+::Nrf2SA/SA, Keap1FA/FA::Nrf2+/+, Keap1FA/FA::Nrf2SA/SA, Keap1FA/–::Nrf2+/+, and Keap1FA/–::Nrf2SA/SA male (left) and female (right) mice. Keap1FA/–::Nrf2SA/SA mice exhibit severe growth retardation. The line graphs show the means ± SD. **, P < 0.01, and *, P < 0.05, compared with Keap1FA/–::Nrf2+/+ mice by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test. (C) Representative images of Keap1+/+::Nrf2+/+, Keap1+/+::Nrf2SA/SA, Keap1FA/FA::Nrf2+/+, Keap1FA/FA::Nrf2SA/SA, Keap1FA/–::Nrf2+/+, and Keap1FA/–::Nrf2SA/SA mice.