Table 5.
Unstandardized β Co-efficients for adjusted generalized linear models examining the relationships between variations in daytime napping and global cognition at wave 4 among participants whose napping = 0, <30 min or >90 min at baselinea.
| Unstandardized beta Co-efficient (95% confidence interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of changes in nappingb | |||||
| Excessivec | No changed | Benefit 1e | Benefit 2f | Benefit 3g | |
| No napping in wave 1 | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.412 (−1.083, 0.259) | Ref. | −0.787 (−1.722, 0.148) | 0.930 (−0.483, 2.342) | −0.884 (−2.804, 1.035) |
| Model 2 | −0.694 (−1.335, −0.053)* | Ref. | −0.764 (−1.654, 0.125) | 0.462 (−0.885, 1.809) | −0.786 (−2.609, 1.038) |
| Model 3 | −0.447 (−1.001, 0.107) | Ref. | −0.537 (−1.305, 0.231) | 0.181 (−0.982, 1.334) | −0.670 (−2.245, 0.904) |
| Short napping in wave 1 | |||||
| Model 1 | −3.712 (−5.977, −1.447)*** | Ref. | 1.903 (−1.097, 4.902) | −2.568 (−5.282, 0.146) | 0.803 (−2.010, 3.616) |
| Model 2 | −2.593 (−4.763, −0.423)* | Ref. | 1.067 (−1.785, 3.919) | −1.990 (−4.588, 0.607) | 0.806 (−1.863, 3.475) |
| Model 3 | −1.391 (−3.245, 0.464) | Ref. | 1.602 (−0.828, 4.033) | −0.795 (−3.013, 1.423) | 1.609 (−0.666, 3.885) |
| Long napping in wave 1 | |||||
| Model 1 | −1.246 (−3.024, 0.533) | Ref. | −0.737 (−2.956, 2.483) | 0.560 (−2.032, 3.151) | 0.135 (−2.879, 3.149) |
| Model 2 | −1.556 (−3.270, 0.158) | Ref. | −0.744 (−2.895, 1.408) | 0.218 (−2.275, 2.710) | −0.195 (−3.091, 2.702) |
| Model 3 | −0.863 (−2.374, 0.647) | Ref. | −0.427 (−2.319, 1.464) | 0.868 (−1.325, 3.061) | 0.480 (−2.068, 3.027) |
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.
Model 1: Adjusted for age and gender.
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1+ educational levels, physical activities, BMI, depression, use of tranquilizers, smoking, alcohol consumption, night sleep duration at baseline, medical history including hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease, and other 11 chronic diseases.
Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2 + baseline global cognition score.
Type of napping's variation was decided by patterns of daytime napping in Wave 2–Wave 4.
Excessive, for participants with No napping in Wave 1, they were divided into Excessive group as long as they were in No or Long napping group once from Wave 2 to Wave 4; for participants with Short napping at baseline, they were divided into Excessive group as long as they were in No or Long napping group once from Wave 2 to Wave 4; for participants with Long napping at baseline, they were divided into Excessive group as long as they were in No or Long napping group once from Wave 2 to Wave 4.
No change, for participants with No napping in Wave 1, they were divided into No change group if they maintained in No napping group from Wave 2 to Wave 4; for participants with Short napping at baseline, they were divided into No change group if they maintained in Short napping group once from Wave 2 to Wave 4; for participants with Long napping at baseline, they were divided into No change group if they maintained in Long napping group once from Wave 2 to Wave 4.
Benefit 1, for participants with No napping in Wave 1, they were divided into Benefit 1 group if they maintained No napping in two waves and had an Moderate napping in another wave; for participants with Short napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 1 group if they maintained Short napping in two waves and had an Moderate napping in another wave; for participants with Long napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 1 group if they maintained an Long napping in two waves and had an Moderate napping in another wave.
Benefit 2, for participants with No napping in Wave 1, they were divided into Benefit 2 group if they maintained in No napping group for one wave and in Moderate napping group for other two waves; for participants with Short napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 2 group if they maintained an Short napping in one wave and had two Moderate napping in other two waves; for participants with Long napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 2 group if they maintained an Long napping in one wave and had two Moderate napping in other two waves.
Benefit 3, for participants with No napping in Wave 1, they were divided into Benefit 3 group if they maintained in Moderate napping in three waves; for participants with Short napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 3 group if they Moderate napping in three waves; for participants with Long napping at baseline, they were divided into Benefit 3 group if they Moderate napping in three waves.