Cre-lox recombination of liver-specific HIF-1α KO. A: Ablation is shown in liver compared to kidney and retina by PCR-amplified fragments of the recombination site within the HIF1A gene. 1-lox and 2-lox designate the recombined (270-bp) and nonrecombined (260-bp) alleles, respectively, and the WT allele (240 bp). B: Western blot analysis shows residual HIF-1α expression from liver-derived cells that do not express albumin, such as mesenchymal fibroblasts and endothelial, epithelial, stellate, and Kupffer cells. Only the WT had DMOG-inducible HIF-1α protein, whereas the HIF-1α KO expressed HIF-1α, but without effect from DMOG. C: Immunohistochemistry using HIF-1α antibody shows increased protein content in liver paraffin sections taken from DMOG- versus PBS-treated animals in WT only when compared to HIF-1α KO. Original magnification: ×40 (C), ×400 (C, insets).