Table 2.
Baseline characteristics for included studies
| ID | study groups | sample size | Maternal Age, y, (Mean ± SD) | Pregravid BMI (kg/m2), (Mean ± SD) | Maternal comorbidities, N (%) | Gender, N (%) | Trimester at vaccination, n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertensive disorders | Diabetes or gestational diabetes | Asthma | Smoker | Male | Female | First | Second | |||||
| Beharier 2021 [20] | Vaccinated group during pregnancy | 92 | 31.7 ± 5.8 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | 1 (1.1) | 8 (8.7) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (6.5) | 45 (49.5) | 46 (50.5) | ||
| Unvaccinated non infected controls | 66 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | 25.7 ± 6.5 | 1 (1.5) | 9 (13.6) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (6.6) | 31 (47.7) | 34 (52.3) | |||
| Blakeway 2021 [30] | At least 1 dose during pregnancy | 140 | 34.33 ± 4.94 | 24.2 ± 4.4 | 13 (9.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (14.2) | ||||
| Did not receive a vaccine during pregnancy | 1188 | 33 ± 4.45 | 24.8 ± 4.8 | 46 (3.9) | 27 (2.3) | |||||||
| Butt 2021 [31] | PCR positive | 393 | 30.67 ± 5.21 | |||||||||
| PCR negative | 862 | 31.33 ± 5.2 | ||||||||||
| Collier 2021 [32] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 30 | 34.33 ± 3.11 | 5 (17%) | 15 (50%) | |||||||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated and infected women | 22 | 31.67 ± 6.34 | ||||||||||
| Dagan 2021 [33] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 10,861 | 29.67 ± 5.19 | 40 (0.4%) | 52 (0.5%) | 372 (3.4%) | 643 (5.9%) | 2,814 (26%) | 5,242 (48%) | |||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated and infected women | 10,861 | 29.67 ± 5.19 | 34 (0.3%) | 57 (0.5%) | 388 (3.6%) | 701 (6.5%) | ||||||
| Kharbanda 2021 [35] | Ongoing pregnancy periods (vaccinated women) | 20,139 | ||||||||||
| Spontaneous abortions (vaccinated women) | 1128 | |||||||||||
| Rottenstreich 2021 [36] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 712 | 30.6 ± 5.8 | 10 (1.4%) | 45 (6.3%) | |||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 1063 | 29.5 ± 6 | 19 (1.8%) | 45 (4.2%) | ||||||||
| Shanes 2021 [37] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 84 | 33.7 ± 3.1 | |||||||||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated women | 116 | 32.5 ± 4.8 | ||||||||||
| Theiler 2021 [38] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 140 | 31.8 ± 3.7 | 6 (4.3) | 15 (10.7) | 0 | ||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 1862 | 30.5 ± 5.2 | 64 (3.4) | 206 (11.1) | 196 (10.5) | |||||||
| Wainstock 2021 [39] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 913 | 30.6 ± 5.3 | 50 (5.5) | 63 (6.9) | |||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 3486 | 28.2 ± 5.7 | 165 (4.7) | 187 (5.4) | ||||||||
| Pfizer BioNTech C4591001 | BNT162b2 (30 μg) | 18,860 | 9639 (51.1) | 9221 (48.9) | ||||||||
| Placebo | 18,846 | 9436 (50.1) | 9410 (49.9) | |||||||||
| Moderna mRNA-1273-P301 | Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA-1273 | 15,208 | ||||||||||
| Placebo | 15,210 | |||||||||||
| COV003 (Brazil) | ChAdOx1nCoV-19 | 3414 | 26.07 ± 4.45 | 141 (4.1%) | 1478 (43.3) | 1936 (56.7%) | ||||||
| MenACWY "control vaccine" (first dose), Saline (second dose) | 3339 | 26.17 ± 4.6 | 113 (3.4%) | 1500 (44.9) | 1839 (55.1%) | |||||||
| ID | study groups | sample size | Maternal Age, y, (Mean ± SD) | Pregravid BMI (kg/m2), (Mean ± SD) | Trimester at vaccination, n (%) | Self-reported ethnicity, n (%) | Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Third | Caucasian | Afro-Caribbean | Asian | Mixed | Not reported | White | Other | Hispanic or Latina | ||||||
| Beharier 2021 [20] | Vaccinated group during pregnancy | 92 | 31.7 ± 5.8 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | ||||||||||
| Unvaccinated non infected controls | 66 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | 25.7 ± 6.5 | |||||||||||
| Blakeway 2021 [30] | At least 1 dose during pregnancy | 140 | 34.33 ± 4.94 | 24.2 ± 4.4 | 121 (85.8) | 80 (56.7) | 18 (12.8) | 5 (3.5) | 13 (9.2) | 25 (17.7) | 15 (11.5) | |||
| Did not receive a vaccine during pregnancy | 1188 | 33 ± 4.45 | 24.8 ± 4.8 | 551 (46.4) | 204 (17.2) | 101 (8.5) | 156 (13.1) | 175 (14.7) | 173 (17.4) | |||||
| Butt 2021 [31] | PCR positive | 393 | 30.67 ± 5.21 | |||||||||||
| PCR negative | 862 | 31.33 ± 5.2 | ||||||||||||
| Collier 2021 [32] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 30 | 34.33 ± 3.11 | 10 (33%) | 0 | 3 (11) | 1 (4) | 24 (86) | 1 (4) | |||||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated and infected women | 22 | 31.67 ± 6.34 | 5 (28) | 0 | 3 (17) | 10 (56) | 4 (21) | |||||||
| Dagan 2021 [33] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 10,861 | 29.67 ± 5.19 | 2,805 (26%) | 1,048 (9.6%) | |||||||||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated and infected women | 10,861 | 29.67 ± 5.19 | 1,019 (9.4%) | |||||||||||
| Kharbanda 2021 [35] | Ongoing pregnancy periods (vaccinated women) | 20,139 | 715 (3.8) | 4433 (12.3) | 7571 (9.3) | 2213 (7.8) | 5207 (6.0) | |||||||
| Spontaneous abortions (vaccinated women) | 1128 | 48 (4.4) | 262 (12.9) | 373 (8.7) | 123 (8.6) | 322 (7.4) | ||||||||
| Rottenstreich 2021 [36] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 712 | 30.6 ± 5.8 | 101 (14.2%) | ||||||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 1063 | 29.5 ± 6 | 140 (13.2%) | |||||||||||
| Shanes 2021 [37] | Pregnant Vaccinated women | 84 | 33.7 ± 3.1 | |||||||||||
| Pregnant Unvaccinated women | 116 | 32.5 ± 4.8 | ||||||||||||
| Theiler 2021 [38] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 140 | 31.8 ± 3.7 | 3 (2.2) | 6 (4.3) | 128 (92.1) | 1 | 5 (3.6) | ||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 1862 | 30.5 ± 5.2 | 99 (5.4) | 89 (4.8) | 1528 (82.9) | 18 | 173 (9.5) | |||||||
| Wainstock 2021 [39] | Covid‐19 vaccinated Pregnant women | 913 | 30.6 ± 5.3 | 152 (16.6) | ||||||||||
| Covid‐19 Unvaccinated Pregnant women | 3486 | 28.2 ± 5.7 | 549 (15.7) | |||||||||||
| Pfizer BioNTech C4591001 | BNT162b2 (30 μg) | 18,860 | 1729 (9.2) | 801 (4.2) | 449 (2.4) | 93 (0.5) | 15,636 (82.9) | 5266 (27.9) | 6556 (34.8) | |||||
| Placebo | 18,846 | 1763 (9.4) | 807 (4.3) | 406 (2.2) | 115 (0.6) | 15,630 (82.9) | 5277 (28.0) | 6662 (35.3) | ||||||
| Moderna mRNA-1273-P301 | Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA-1273 | 15,208 | 1562 (10.3) | 653 (4.3) | 315 (2.1) | 12,032 (79.2) | 321 (2.1) | 3121 (20.6) | ||||||
| Placebo | 15,210 | 1528 (10.1) | 732 (4.8) | 319 (2.1) | 11,990 (79.1) | 315 (2.1) | 3112 (20.5) | |||||||
| COV003 (Brazil) | ChAdOx1nCoV-19 | 3414 | 26.07 ± 4.45 | 337 (9.9%) | 83 (2.4%) | 704 (20.6%) | 2273 (66.6%) | 17 (0.5%) | ||||||
| MenACWY "control vaccine" (first dose), Saline (second dose) | 3339 | 26.17 ± 4.6 | 336 (10.1%) | 66 (2.0%) | 670 (20.1%) | 2249 (67.4%) | 18 (0.5%) | |||||||