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. 2022 Jul 22;101(29):e29632. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029632

Table 1.

Basic characteristics of the study groups.

Total (N = 6475) PSK group (N = 1295) Control group (N = 5180) P value*
Variables n % n % n %
Sex 0.620
 Female 2252 34.8 458 35.4 1794 34.6
 Male 4223 65.2 837 64.6 3386 65.4
Age at surgery (yr) 0.524
 18–44 769 11.9 159 12.3 610 11.8
 45–59 1832 28.3 362 28.0 1470 28.4
 60–74 2754 42.5 566 43.7 2188 42.2
 ≥75 1120 17.3 208 16.1 912 17.6
 Mean (SD) 61.6 (13.2) 61.3 (13.2) 61.7 (13.2) 0.379
Urbanization 0.968
 Very high 1911 29.5 385 29.7 1526 29.5
 High 2995 46.3 596 46.0 2399 46.3
 Moderate 1143 17.7 232 17.9 911 17.6
 Low 426 6.6 82 6.3 344 6.6
Income level (NTD/per month) 0.901
 0 1042 16.1 201 15.5 841 16.2
 1–15,840 856 13.2 170 13.1 686 13.2
 15,841–25,000 3149 48.6 631 48.7 2518 48.6
 ≥25,001 1428 22.1 293 22.6 1135 21.9
Comorbidities
 Diabetes mellitus 1026 15.9 203 15.7 823 15.9 0.852
 Hypertension 2270 35.1 451 34.8 1819 35.1 0.845
 Alcoholism 115 1.8 21 1.6 94 1.8 0.638
 Smoking-related disorders 609 9.4 121 9.3 488 9.4 0.932
 Chronic renal failure 100 1.5 19 1.5 81 1.6 0.801
 Liver cirrhosis 210 3.2 44 3.4 166 3.2 0.725
Chemotherapy regimens <0.001
 Group 1 (mitomycin-based) 1357 21.0 508 39.2 849 16.4
 Group 2 (epirubicin-based) 410 6.3 47 3.6 363 7.0
 Group 3 (platinum-based) 1204 18.6 184 14.2 1020 19.7
 Group 4 (others) 3504 54.1 556 42.9 2948 56.9
*

Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables.

1 United States dollar (US$) = 32.3 New Taiwan Dollars (NTD) in 2008.

PSK = protein-bound polysaccharide K, SD = standard deviation.