Table 2.

Analyses of prognostic factors.

	Crude				Adjusted†
Variables	HR	95% CI		P value	HR	95% CI			P value
Used PSK (reference: nonuser)	0.76	0.70	0.83	<0.001	0.77	0.71	0.83		<0.001
Sex (reference: female)
Male	1.08	1.01	1.15	0.020	1.04	0.97	1.11		0.288
Age (yr) (reference: 18–44)
45–59	1.04	0.93	1.16	0.518	1.01	0.91	1.13		0.825
60–74	1.07	0.97	1.19	0.178	1.00	0.89	1.11		0.958
≥75	1.49	1.33	1.67	<0.001	1.30	1.15	1.48		<0.001
Urbanization (reference: low)
Very high	1.06	0.93	1.22	0.368	1.06	0.92	1.22		0.409
High	1.09	0.96	1.24	0.187	1.08	0.95	1.24		0.233
Moderate	1.02	0.89	1.17	0.792	1.03	0.89	1.19		0.690
Income level (NTD†, reference: 0)
1–15,840	1.12	1.00	1.24	0.048	1.13	1.01	1.26		0.037
15,841–25,000	0.86	0.79	0.93	<0.001	0.92	0.84	1.01		0.074
≥25,001	0.88	0.80	0.98	0.015	0.96	0.87	1.07		0.497
Comorbidities (reference: without)
Diabetes mellitus	1.28	1.18	1.39	<0.001	1.19	1.09	1.29		<0.001
Hypertension	1.23	1.15	1.31	<0.001	1.10	1.02	1.18		0.010
Alcoholism	1.19	0.96	1.49	0.117	1.12	0.89	1.40		0.340
Smoking-related disorders	1.27	1.15	1.40	<0.001	1.13	1.01	1.25		0.026
Chronic renal failure	1.33	1.06	1.68	0.016		1.22	0.97	1.54	0.097
Liver cirrhosis	1.19	1.01	1.41	0.035		1.11	0.94	1.31	0.232

*Adjusted for age, sex, urbanization, income, comorbidities.

^†1 United States dollar (US$) = 32.3 New Taiwan Dollars (NTD) in 2008.

PSK = protein-bound polysaccharide K.