Figure 2.

Activation of leg neurons colabeled by the ppk and 20B01 drivers can elicit sleep homeostasis. A–C, Thermogenetic activation of neurons targeted by ppk$\cap$20B01 split-Gal4 is sufficient to cause rebound sleep (A, N = 16; B, C, N = 48; B: F_(2,141) = 132.2, p < 0.0001; C: F_(2,141) = 125.3, p < 0.0001). Baseline temperature is 22°C, and heat pulses (red bars) are 27.5°C from ZT18 to ZT24. D, E, The ppk$\cap$20B01 driver labels processes but no obvious cell bodies in the brain (D) or ventral nerve cord (E). Dorsal is top; ventral is bottom for each image. F, The ppk$\cap$20B01 driver labels two ppk-positive cell bodies in the leg. Scale bars: D–F, 50 µm. N > 6 for each genotype in D–F. All images are maximum projections. ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple-comparison post-test.