TABLE 2.
Multiple regression analysis of predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
| Disease severity | Disease mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (Years) | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | 0.008* | 0.94 (0.56–1.60) | 0.944 | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) | 0.011* | 2.05 (1.25–3.35) | 0.004* |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 1.90 (1.13–3.2) | 0.015* | 1.68 (0.28–10.21) | 0.576 | 1.21 (0.53–2.76) | 0.649 | — | — |
| Radiological Findings | ||||||||
| Infiltrations (Yes/No) | 26.14 (10.85–62.94) | <0.001* | 5.41 (0.99–38.55) | 0.102 | 7.94 (1.02–61.75) | 0.048* | 5.94 (0.88–55.76) | 0.112 |
| Site (Bilateral vs. Unilateral) | 18.94 (8.25–43.48) | <0.001* | 1.67 (0.19–15.00) | 0.469 | 2.37 (0.32–17.63) | 0.401 | — | — |
| Pattern (Diffuse vs. Focal) | 12.78 (5.33–30.60) | <0.001* | 4.86 (0.71–33.11) | 0.106 | 1.57 (0.37–6.73) | 0.547 | — | — |
| Severity (Severe/Critical vs. Non-severe) | — | — | — | — | 3.11 (1.02–9.49) | 0.046* | 1.74 (0.28–10.91) | 0.557 |
| LDH (U/l) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 0.007* | 0.75 (0.40–1.40) | 0.362 | 1.16 (1.04–1.32) | 0.014* | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 0.524 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | <0.001* | 1.06 (0.94–1.13) | 0.571 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.162 | — | — |
| Inflammatory Profile | ||||||||
| CRP (mg/l) | 1.41 (1.28–1.55) | <0.001* | 0.98 (0.87–1.28) | 0.906 | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.418 | — | — |
| Total WBCs (x 109/l) | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | <0.001* | 0.91 (0.66–1.11) | 0.318 | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 0.027* | 1.61 (0.98–3.64) | 0.009* |
| Absolute neutrophil counts (x 109/l) | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) | <0.001* | 0.42 (0.09–2.00) | 0.273 | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 0.014* | 3.61 (1.31–9.97) | 0.011* |
| Absolute lymphocytic counts (x 109/l) | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.016* | 0.37 (0.40–3.11) | 0.359 | 0.53 (0.25–1.13) | 0.102 | — | — |
| Coagulation profile | ||||||||
| Platelets counts (x 109/l) | 0.92 (0.73–1.18) | 0.517 | — | — | 0.62 (0.39–0.98) | 0.039* | 0.76 (0.45–1.30) | 0.318 |
| INR | 1.47 (1.25–1.74) | <0.001* | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | 0.692 | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.011* | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 0.355 |
| aPTT (sec) | 1.41 (1.29–1.55) | <0.001* | 1.12 (0.96–1.19) | 0.298 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | <0.001* | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | <0.001* |
| D-dimer (µg/ml) | 1.27 (1.16–1.40) | <0.001* | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.028* | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 0.190 | — | — |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 1.84 (1.59–2.13) | <0.001* | 1.37 (0.88–2.13) | 0.167 | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 0.372 | — | — |
| Factor VIII (IU/dl) | 1.83 (1.62–2.08) | <0.001* | 1.58 (1.11–2.26) | 0.011* | 1.42 (1.15–1.74) | 0.001* | 1.32 (1.08–2.14) | 0.016* |
| RiCoF (IU/dl) | 1.67 (1.50–1.86) | <0.001* | 1.63 (0.98–2.72) | 0.040* | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) | 0.006* | 0.96 (0.69–1.32) | 0.788 |
| VWF-Ag (IU/dl) | 1.40 (1.29–1.52) | <0.001* | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | 0.245 | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 0.001* | 1.05 (0.86–1.29) | 0.629 |
OR, odds ratio; HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate Dehydrogenase; WBCs, white blood cells; INR, international normalized ratio; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; RiCoF, ristocetin cofactor; VWF-Ag, von Willebrand Factor Antigen.
All variables with p < 0.05 was included in the multivariate.
*
Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.