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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 2021 Nov 24;125(48):26718–26730. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06684

Figure 3. Mechanism of laser-induced fragmentation under picosecond (ps) and nanosecond (ns) laser.

Figure 3.

(A-B) Temperature evolution for 15 nm AuNP under ps (A) and ns (B) laser at fragmentation threshold fluences. Gold melting point and boiling point are marked with dashed line in the plot. (C-D) Comparison of the particle fragmentation threshold with gold melting and boiling point, and Coulomb instability for ps laser (C) and ns laser (D). The fluence of Coulomb instability achieves when Rayleigh instability factor (X) reaches to 0.3.