Table 1.

Diagnostic outcomes for store-and-forward teledermatology. The results are reported as percentage exact agreement or percentage exact and partial agreement with a 95% CI.

Type		Setting	Sample	Outcome	Reference
Clinician-initiated
	Observational	Single-center study in the United States (Minnesota)	2152 patients	52.8% to 93.9% diagnostic agreement for pigmented lesions, 47.7% to 87.3% diagnostic agreement for nonpigmented lesions, 66.7% to 79.8% management agreement for pigmented lesions, and 72% to 86.1% management agreement for nonpigmented lesions	Warshaw et al [1]
	Observational	Single-center study in the United States (Wisconsin)	135 children	82% agreement between TDa and FTFb diagnosis (95% CI 73%-88%)	Heffner et al [2]
	Observational	Web-based app in Sweden	40 adults	68% interobserver agreement for TD diagnosis (95% CI 51%-81%), and 88% interobserver agreement for FTF diagnosis (95% CI 73%-96%)	Börve et al [3]
	Systematic review	N/Ac	25 studies	62% to 89% agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis	Rat et al [4]
	Observational	Single-center study in Austria	18 adults	89% exact agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis	Massone et al [12]
	Observational	Single-center study in the United States (California)	86 adults	82% agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis (95% CI 73%-89%)	Lamel et al [13]
	Observational	Single-center study in the United States (Ohio)	318 clinic visits	MDd/DOe: 50% exact diagnostic agreement between TD and office visit, and 29.8% exact diagnostic agreement between TD and walk-in clinic; NPf/PAg: 33.8% exact diagnostic agreement between TD and office visit, and 34% exact diagnostic agreement between TD and walk-in clinic; diagnostic agreement was higher for MD/DO office visits than MD/DO walk-in clinics (P=.021), NP/PA office visits (P=.035), and NP/PA walk-in clinics (P=.022)	Pasadyn et al [15]
Patient-initiated
	Observational	Single-center study in Australia	55 adults	69% exact agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis	Boyce et al [5]
	Observational	Single-center study in Austria	263 adults	49% exact agreement between TD and FTF diagnosish; significant correlation between correct diagnosis and image quality (P<.001)	Weingast et al [8]
	Randomized controlled trial	Single-center study in the United States (Pennsylvania)	40 children	83% agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis (95% CI 71%-94%)	O’Conner et al [16]
	Observational	Single-center study in the Netherlands	96 adults	41% exact agreement between TD and FTF diagnosis	Eminović et al [17]

^aTD: teledermatology.

^bFTF: face-to-face.

^cN/A: not applicable.

^dMD: Doctor of Medicine.

^eDO: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.

^fNP: nurse practitioner.

^gPA: physician assistant.

^hIncludes cases that dermatologists indicated as not possible to diagnose.