Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and concentration of established biomarkers
| Identification cohort | Validation cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | Random sample | CV death | Random sample | CV death |
| N = 4057 | N = 517 | N = 1042 | N = 277 | |
| Age (years) | 70 (72–76) | 73 (65–69) | 72 (67–77) | 75 (67–80) |
| Females | 1491 (36.8%) | 148 (28.6%) | 392 (37.7%) | 99 (34.5%) |
| Body mass index | 28.6 (25.4–32.7) | 27.2 (24.1–31.4) | 27.9 (25.0–31.2) | 27.4 (23.8–31.2) |
| Current smoker | 355 (8.8%) | 60 (11.6%) | 76 (7.3%) | 23 (8.0%) |
| Hypertension | 3550 (87.5%) | 441 (85.3%) | 826 (79.5%) | 220 (76.7%) |
| Diabetes | 1022 (25.2%) | 130 (25.1%) | 218 (21.0%) | 82 (28.6%) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 511 (12.6%) | 122 (23.6%) | 169 (16.3%) | 85 (29.6%) |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 733 (18.1%) | 123 (23.8%) | 208 (20.0%) | 54 (18.8%) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 190 (4.7%) | 47 (9.1%) | 39 (3.8%) | 15 (5.2%) |
| Heart failure | 1232 (30.4%) | 258 (49.9%) | 293 (28.2%) | 152 (53.0%) |
| CRP | 2.2 (1.0–4.6) | 2.8 (1.2–6.3) | 2.5 (1.2–5.5) | 3.7 (1.6–8.1) |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
| GDF-15 (ng/L) | 1356.0 (961.0–2038.0) | 1780.0 (1292.0–2868.0) | 1460.0 (1086.0–2127.0) | 1997.0 (1438.5–3191.5) |
| eGFR, CKD-EPI (mL/min) | 74.7 (57.6–96.0) | 62.7 (45.2–84.7) | 65.1 (54.3–74.2) | 58.8 (48.4–69.7) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.2 (13.1–15.2) | 14.0 (12.9–15.2) | 14.2 (13.1–15.3) | 13.7 (12.7–15.0) |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 2.3 (1.5–3.9) | 3.2 (2.1–6.0) | 2.3 (1.5–3.8) | 3.6 (2.1–5.8) |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 683.0 (362.0–1219.8) | 1289.0 (709.0–2435.0) | 800.0 (375.5–1436.0) | 1568.0 (925.0–2805.0) |
| cTnT-hs (ng/L) | 10.7 (7.4–16.2) | 17.6 (12.0–27.0) | 11.8 (7.6–18.9) | 21.1 (14.2–33.6) |
Continuous variables presented as median (Q1–Q3). Categorical variables presented as numbers (percentage).
CRP, C-reactive protein; cTnT-hs, cardiac troponin T measured with high-sensitivity assay; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15; IL-6, interleukin-6; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.