Fig. 2.

MAC and Cur inhibited IAV via multiple mechanisms. (A) MAC inhibits plaque formation ability of IAV and that is partially via Michael addition reactions (B–C). PR8 viruses were pre-incubated with various concentrations of curcumin, MAC, or DMSO for 1 h. The infectivity of treated IAV was estimated with plaque assay and the relative plaque reduction effect of MAC was plotted as a percentage of the DMSO control (A). To test whether reduced glutathione (GSH) attenuated the inhibitory effect of MAC on anti-IAV activity, 30 μM of MAC, THC, or DMSO (mock) was incubated with various concentrations (0–10 μM) of reduced glutathione (GSH, as a competitor) at room temperature followed by plaque reduction assay as described previously (B). The experiments were done three times and the effect of GSH on plaque reduction mediated by MAC was plotted (C).