. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Eat Disord. 2022 Jun 4;55(7):861–885. doi: 10.1002/eat.23748

Table 1.

Study and Effect Size Information

Author(s)	Effect Size(s) g	Athlete Group(s) n	Control Group(s) n	Sport Level	Mean Age	ED Measures
Abbott et al. (2021)	−0.36^e (NA)	70	138	Elite/Expert	24.5	EAT26^e
Ashley et al. (1996)	−.238^a −.034^b −.116^e	145	14	Collegiate	19.2	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e
Bachner-Melman et al. (2006)	−.173^a (A) −.083^b (A) −.058^e (A) −.451^a −.350^b −.181^e	111 (A) 68	248	NR	21.17	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b, SATAQ-TI^b EAT26^e
Bert et al. (2019)	−.371^c	82	57	NR	26.70	EHQ^c, ORTO15^c
Brooks-Gunn et al. (1988)	.421^c (A) .514^e (A)	161(A)	424	Combined	15.66	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Byrne & McLean (2002)	.004^a (A) .836^b (A) .939^c (A) .632^e (A) .115^a (NA) .272^b (NA) .423^c (NA) .255^e (NA)	93 (A) 61 (NA)	154	Elite/Expert Elite/Expert	18.05	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b TFEQ-R^c EDI2-B^e, BUILTR^e
Carvalhais et al. (2019)*	−.108^a .322^c .143^d .049^e	372	372	Elite/Expert	21.00	EDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a EDEQ-R^c EDEQ-EC^d EDEQ^e
Costarelli & Stamou (2009)	.094^a (A) .134^e (A)	14 (A)	32	Elite/Expert	19.67	MBSRQ-OP^a EAT26^e
Darcy et al. (2013a)	−.062^a .020^c −.092^d .054^e	544	429	Combined	20.82	EDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a EDEQ-R^c EDEQ-EC^d EDEQ^e
Davis & Cowles (1989)	−.323^a (A) .163^b (A) −.109^e (A) −.903^a (NA) −.366^b (NA) −.445^e (NA)	64 (A) 62 (NA)	64	Combined	20.67	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Davison et al. (2002)	.201^a (A) −.311^a	174 (A) 57	158	NR	6.00	WC^a
de Oliveira Coelho et al. (2013)*	−.638^a (NA) −.321^e (NA)	24 (NA)	21	Combined	15.09	BSQ^a BITE^e, EAT26^e
DiBartolo & Shaffer (2002)	−.688^a −.560^e	94	115	Collegiate	19.10	EDI-BD^a EAT26^e
Doyle-Lucas et al. (2010)	.549^c (A) .652^d (A) .460^e (A)	15 (A)	15	Elite/Expert	24	TFEQ-R^c TFEQ-D^d EAT26^e
Ferrand et al. (2009)	1.244^e (A)	103 (A)	49	Elite/Expert	16.10	EAT26^e
Fortes et al. (2014)*	−.876^c 1.524^e	116	199	Combined	13.64	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Francisco et al. (2013)	.230^a (A) .439^c (A) .530^d (A) .362^e (A)	60 (A)	82	Elite/Expert	14.78	EDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a EDEQ-R^c EDEQ-EC^d EDEQ^e
Gaines & Burnett (2014)	−6.336^e	58	196	Collegiate	20.8	EAT^e
Goldfield (2009)	−.130^a (A) .183^b (A) .647^e (A)	20 (A)	25	NR	26.80	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Goodwin et al. (2016)	−.393^a −.212^b −.126^e	123	126	Combined	14.80	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e
Grupski (2010)	−.220^a −.149^b	178	361	Combined	20.43	SPAS^a DIS^b, EDI2-DT^b
Haase & Prapavessis (2001)	−.112^a (A) .517^e (A) −.381^a (NA) −.159^e (NA)	123 (A) 75 (NA)	53	Elite/Expert	19.04	SPAS^a EAT^e
Hausenblas & Mack (1999)	−.796^a (A) −.444^b (A) 0^e (A) −.145^a (NA) .092^b (NA) .079^e (NA)	36 (A) 39 (NA)	39	Combined	17.02	EDI2-BD^a, SPAS^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e
Hausenblas & McNally (2004)	−.724^a −.374^b −.397^e	140	95	Combined	20.28	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e
Heradstveit et al. (2020)*	−.116^e	2716	2416	NR	NR	EDS5^e
Hoch et al. (2009)	−.161^e	80	80	HS/Club	16.50	EAT26^e
Holm-Denoma et al. (2009)	Collegiate .365^a −.029^b .232^e HS/Club .597^a −.090^b .223^e	43 60	171	Collegiate HS/Club	19.00	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Hulley et al. (2007)	United Kingdom −.372^a (A) −.119^c (A) −.148^d (A) −.272^e (A) Kenya −.391^a (A) −.057^c (A) −.353^d (A) −.068^e (A)	82 (A) 75 (A)	97 101	Elite/Expert	20.80	EDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a EDEQ-R^c EDEQ-EC^d EDEQ^e
Jankauskiene & Baceviciene* (2019)	.152^a .001^e	108	191	NR	17.2	MBSRQ-OP^a EAT26^e
Jankauskiene et al. (2020)*	0^a .257^b .254^e	136	252	NR	16.9	EDI3-BD^a EDI3-DT^b EDEQ^e
Jeong et al. (2011)	.030^a (A) −.034^b (A) .429^c (A) .296^d (A) .222^e (A) .071^a (NA) −.082^b (NA) −.018^c (NA) −.096^d (NA) −.023^e (NA) Elite .064^a −.073^b .214^c .118^d .114^e Collegiate −.012^a −.041^b .276^c .139^d .104^e	211 (A) 167 (NA) 284 94	567	Combined Combined Elite Collegiate	20.1	KEDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a, EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b, SATAQ-I^b KEDEQ-R^c KEDEQ-EC^d KEDEQ^e
Kong & Harris (2015)	Elite .614^c (A) .594^e (A) .156^c (NA) .077^e (NA) Combined .216^c (A) .138^e (A) .046^c (NA) −.086^e (NA)	80 (A) 48 (NA) 59 (A) 53 (NA)	35 45	Elite Combined	21.7	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Krane et al. (2001)	−.325^a (NA) −.322^b(NA) −.108^e (NA) −.300^a −.272^b −.034^e	114 (NA) 81	177	Collegiate	19.65	EDI-BD^a, SPAS^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Latu (2021)	−.296^a (A) .024^c (A) .519^e (A)	53 (A)	253	NR	32.68	MBSRQ-OP^a EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26-B^e
Mathisen et al. (2020)	.261^e (A)	25 (A)	26	Elite/Expert	28.9	EDEQ^e
Michou & Costarelli (2011)	.057^c (NA) .029^e (NA)	74 (NA)	80	Elite/Expert	25.07	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Monthuy-Blanc et al. (2012)	.278^a (A) .449^b (A) −.176^e (A) −.007^a (NA) .112^b (NA) −.234^e (NA)	50 (A) 41 (NA)	47	Combined Combined	14.11	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Morringson et al. (2006)	−.039^a	143	100	Combined	15.76	MBSRQ- OP^a
Muia et al. (2016)	.056^b (A) .295^c (A)	61 (A)	49	Combined	NR	EDI3-DT^b TFEQ-R^c
Okano et al. (2005)	Japan .558^c (A) .702^e (A) China .179^c (A) .095^e (A)	238 (A) 272 (A)	593 147	Combined	NR	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Ozedengul et al., (2021)	.038^c	46	312	Elite	29.12	ORTO-R^c
Palermo & Rancout (2021)*	Study 1 −.421^a −.069^c −.270^d −.324^e Study 2 −.530^a −.266^c −.176^d	200 89	240 136	NR	20.94	EDEQ-S^a, EDEQ-W^a EPSI-BD^a EDEQ-R^c EPSI-CR, EPSI-R^c EDEQ-E^d EPSI-BE^d EDEQ^e
Petisco-Rodriguez et al. (2020)	−.361^c (A) −.408^e (A) −.282^c (NA) −.331^e (NA)	40 (A) 40 (NA)	40	Elite/Expert	17.2	EAT40-D^c, EAT40-OC^c EAT40-B^e, SCOFF^e
Pritchard et al. (2007)	.020^a .755^e	106	206	Collegiate	21.36	BSQ^a EAT26^e
Reinking & Alexander (2005)	.255^a (A) .149^b (A) −.188^e(A) −.603^a (NA) −.500^b (NA) −.538^e (NA)	16 (A) 68 (NA)	62	Collegiate	19.95	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e
Rhea et al. (1999)	−.159^a −.056^b −.032^e	477	383	HS/Club	15.5	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Robinson & Ferraro (2004)	−.880^a (NA) −.784^b (NA) −.009^e (NA) −.938^a −.566^b .215^e	16 (NA) 37	55	Collegiate	19.90	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b EDI-B^e
Rosendahl et al. (2009)*	−.339^e	210	171	Combined	15.80	EAT26^e
Rouveix et al. (2007)	.139^c (A) .863^e (A)	12 (A)	14	Elite/Expert	18.70	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Schwarz et al. (2005)	−.517^a	55	48	Collegiate	20.53	EDI-BD^a
Somasundaram & Burgess (2008)	.016^a (A) −.086^e (A) −.157^a 0^e	44 (A) 230	204	NR	19.31	EDI-BD^a EAT26^e
Steinfeldt et al. (2011)	−.374^b	78	65	Collegiate	19.74	CFNI45-T^b
Thiemann et al. (2015)	−.106^a (A) .569^b (A) .348^e (A) −.148^a (NA) −.156^b (NA) −.233^e (NA)	46 (A) 57 (NA)	46 57	Elite/Expert	19.58	EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDEQ^e
Torstveit & Sundgot-Borgen (2005)*	−.396^a −.204^b	623	569	Elite/Expert	24.3	EDI-BD^a EDI-DT^b
Wollenberg et al. (2015)	−.429^c −.376^e	151	376	Collegiate	19.67	EAT26-D^c, EAT26-OC^c EAT26^e, EAT26-B^e
Zucker et al. (1999)	.109^a (A) .522^b (A) .124^e (A) −.754^a −.299^b −.106^e	37 (A) 33	62	Collegiate	20.3	BSQ^a, EDI2-BD^a EDI2-DT^b EDI2-B^e

Note. EAT= eating attitudes test; EAT-D= eating attitudes test- dieting; EAT-OC= eating attitudes test- oral control ; EAT-B= eating attitudes test- bulimia and food preoccupation; EDI= eating disorder inventory; EDI-BD= eating disorder inventory- body dissatisfaction ;EDI-DT= eating disorder inventory- drive for thinness; EDI-B= eating disorder inventory- bulimia; SATAQ-TI= social attitudes toward appearance scale- thin internalization; EHQ= eating habits questionnaire; TFEQ-R= three-factor eating questionnaire- dietary restraint; TFEQ-D= three factor eating questionnaire- disinhibition; BUILTR= bulimia test- revised; BUILTR-WC= bulimia test-revised- weight concern; BUILTR-DF= bulimia test-revised-dieting frequency; EDEQ= eating disorder examination- questionnaire; EDEQ-S= eating disorder examination questionnaire- shape concern; EDEQ-W= eating disorder examination questionnaire- weight concern; EDEQ-EC= eating disorder examination questionnaire- eating concern; EDEQ-R= eating disorder examination questionnaire- restraint; WC= weight concern scale; BITE= bulimia investigatory test edinburgh; BSQ= body shape questionnaire; SPAS= social physique anxiety scale; DIS= dietary intent scale; EDS= eating disorder symptoms; MBSRQ-OP= multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire- overweight preoccupation; EPSI-BD= eating pathology symptoms inventory; EPSI-CR= eating pathology symptoms inventory-cognitive restraint; EPSI-BE = eating pathology symptoms inventory- binge eating; CFNI45-T= confirmatory to feminine norms inventory- thin internalization; A= aesthetic athletes; NA= non-aesthetic athletes.

body dissatisfaction measure or effect size

drive for thinness measure or effect size

restricting measure or effect size

loss-of-control eating measure or effect size

overall eating-disorder psychopathology measure or effect size