TABLE 1.
Screening for recent use of AAS
| Total | Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Screening criteria, n (%) | 107 | 77 (72.0) | 30 (28.0) |
| WADA's steroid profile (WSP) | |||
| u‐T | 34 (31.8) | 27 (35.1) | 7 (23.3) |
| u‐Epi | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| u‐A | 6 (5.6) | 6 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| u‐Eti | 8 (7.5) | 8 (10.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| u‐5α a | 18 (16.8) | 17 (22.1) | 1 (3.3) |
| u‐T/Epi | 75 (70.1) | 63 (81.8) | 12 (40.0) |
| u‐5α/5β | 4 (3.7) | 4 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| u‐Andro/T | 35 (32.7) | 31 (40.3) | 4 (13.3) |
| u‐5α/Epi a | 90 (84.1) | 64 (83.1) | 26 (86.7) |
| u‐5α and 5α/Epi | 16 (15.0) | 15 (19.5) | 1 (3.3) |
| Any WSP | 77 (72.0) | 65 (84.4) | 12 (40.0) |
| Seric hormones | |||
| total‐T | 63 (58.9) | 58 (75.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| FSH | 78 (72.9) | 66 (85.7) | 12 (40.0) |
| LH | 78 (72.9) | 68 (88.3) | 10 (33.3) |
| Any seric hormones | 88 (82.2) | 72 (93.5) | 16 (53.3) |
| AAS metabolites | 90 (84.1) | 64 (83.1) | 26 (86.7) |
| Any WSP b | 68 (88.3) | 57 (89.1) | 11 (42.3) |
| Seric hormones b | 76 (86.4) | 62 (96.9) | 14 (53.8) |
| Included participants | 103 (96.3) | 75 (97.4) | 28 (93.3) |
Note: n (%): Number of participants and percentages of those with abnormal values among each group.
a
Separated vales of u‐5a and 5a/Epi are not included in WSP.
b
Participants with abnormal WSP or seric hormones among those who tested positive for AAS metabolites. u‐T: urinary testosterone. u‐Epi: urinary epitestosterone. u‐Andro: urinary androsterone. u‐Eti: urinary etiocholanolone. u‐5α: urinary 5α‐androstane, 3α‐17β, diol. u‐5β: urinary 5β‐androstane, 3α‐17β, diol. Total‐T: total seric testosterone. FSH: follicle‐stimulating hormone. LH: luteinising hormone.