Table 1.

Approaches to measuring individual‐level semantic networks

Paradigm	Description	Scope	Comparability	References
Verbal fluency	Individuals generate as many items from a given category as they can in a fixed period of time	Limited	High	(Zemla & Austerweil, 2018)
Relatedness judgments	Individuals rate the relation, i.e., similarity, between pairs of items	Limited	High	(Benedek et al., 2017; Roads & Love, 2020)
Free association (snowball)	Individuals generate one or more associations to word cues, which are participant generated	Broad	Low	(Morais et al., 2013)
Free association (fixed list)	Individuals generate one or more associations to experimenter‐generated word cues	Broad	High	See below

Note. Scope = Ability of the paradigm to provide coverage of a large set of semantic categories; Comparability = Ability of the paradigm to provide comparable coverage of semantic representation from different individuals.