Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients by anaemia status (n = 3726)
| Characteristics | No anaemia (n = 3013) | Anaemia a (n = 713) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.0 ± 11.0 | 70.4 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2271 (75.4) | 562 (78.8) | 0.052 |
| Region | <0.001 | ||
| North America | 316 (10.5) | 109 (15.3) | |
| Latin America | 1097 (36.4) | 187 (26.2) | |
| Europe | 1100 (36.5) | 251 (35.2) | |
| Asia | 381 (12.6) | 112 (15.7) | |
| Other | 119 (3.9) | 54 (7.6) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 5.4 | 26.6 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 27.2 ± 6.0 | 28.5 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/ml | 1800 [1070–3233] | 2362 [1438–4482] | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 71.3 ± 11.7 | 71.1 ± 11.8 | 0.69 |
| SBP, mmHg | 122.2 ± 15.6 | 121.3 ± 15.7 | 0.18 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 63.9 ± 21.3 | 54.2 ± 21.2 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dl | 14.2 ± 1.3 | 11.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Haematocrit, % | 43.8 ± 3.9 | 35.4 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| NYHA class III/IV, n (%) | 743 (24.7) | 185 (25.9) | 0.65 |
| KCCQ‐TSS, points | 74.6 ± 22.4 | 73.6 ± 23.6 | 0.27 |
| HF duration, years | 6.1 ± 6.2 | 6.3 ± 6.7 | 0.57 |
| Ischaemic HF, n (%) | 1509 (50.1) | 419 (58.8) | <0.001 |
| History of AF/flutter, n (%) | 1152 (38.2) | 288 (40.4) | 0.32 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 1436 (47.7) | 417 (58.5) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 2163 (71.8) | 532 (74.6) | 0.13 |
| PCI/CABG, n (%) | 1191 (39.5) | 331 (46.4) | 0.001 |
| HHF within 12 months, n (%) | 903 (30.0) | 247 (34.6) | 0.015 |
| ACEi/ARB/ARNi, n (%) | 2685 (89.1) | 605 (84.9) | 0.002 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 2866 (95.1) | 664 (93.1) | 0.032 |
| MRA, n (%) | 2185 (72.5) | 472 (66.2) | 0.001 |
| Loop diuretic, n. (%) | 2518 (83.6) | 629 (88.2) | 0.002 |
| ICD/CRT, n (%) | 943 (31.3) | 227 (31.8) | 0.78 |
| Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 1553 (51.5) | 438 (61.4) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants, n (%) | 1185 (39.3) | 273 (38.3) | 0.61 |
Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or median [25th–75th percentile] unless otherwise indicated.
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNi, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; KCCQ‐TSS, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Anaemia defined by haematocrit <39% in men or <39% in women.