TABLE 1.
Previously published frequencies of transitional vertebrae (TV) from clinical studies and anatomical collections (studies based on archaeological material were omitted but see Drew & Kjellström, 2021 for an overview)
| Publication | Data | Sample origin | n | Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae | Sacralizations | Lumbarizations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
| Andrew (1954) | X‐ray | Great Britain | 300 | 31 | 10.3 | ||||
| Apazidis et al. (2011) | X‐ray | United States | 211 | 75 | 35.5 | ||||
| Benlidayi et al. (2015) | X‐ray | Turkey | 1588 | 96 | 6.0 | ||||
| Cadeddu et al. (1997) | X‐ray | United States | 299 | 16 | 5.4 | ||||
| Castellvi et al. (1984) | X‐ray | United States | 200 | 60 | 30.0 | ||||
| Chaijaroonkhanarak et al. (2006) | Osteological material | Thailand | 206 | 9 | 4.4 | 9 | 4.4 | ||
| Chithriki et al. (2002) | MRI | United States | 441 | 37 | 8.4 | 22 | 5.0 | 15 | 3.4 |
| Dar and Peled (2014) | CT | Israel | 436 | 57 | 13.1 | ||||
| Delport et al. (2006) | X‐ray | United States | 300 | 90 | 30.0 | ||||
| Elster (1973) | CT | United States | 2000 | 140 | 7.0 | ||||
| Erken et al. (2002) | X‐ray | Turkey | 729 | 262 | 35.9 | ||||
| French et al. (2014) | X‐ray | Australia | 5429 | 540 | 9.9 | 225 | 4.1 | 315 | 5.8 |
| Gopalan and Yerramshetty (2018) | X‐ray | India | 596 | 145 | 24.3 | 125 | 21.0 | 20 | 3.4 |
| Hahn et al. (1992) | MRI | United States | 200 | 24 | 12.0 | 15 | 7.5 | 9 | 4.5 |
| Hald et al. (1995) | X‐ray | Germany (males only) | 10,922 | 792 | 7.3 | 850 | 7.8 | 650 | 6.0 |
| Hsieh et al. (2000) | X‐ray | United States | 1668 | 67 | 4.0 | ||||
| Hughes and Saifuddin (2006) | MRI | Great Britain | 500 | 67 | 13.4 | 46 | 9.2 | 21 | 4.2 |
| Kim (1997) | MRI | Korea | 690 | 41 | 5.9 | 12 | 1.7 | 29 | 4.2 |
| Leboeuf et al. (1989) | X‐ray | Australia | 530 | 61 | 11.5 | 29 | 5.5 | 32 | 6.0 |
| Lee et al. (2007) | MRI | South Korea | 534 | 127 | 23.8 | 74 | 13.9 | 53 | 9.9 |
| Luoma et al. (2004) | MRI | Finland (males only) | 163 | 43 | 26.4 | ||||
| Mahato (2010) | Osteological material | India | 330 | 20 | 6.1 | ||||
| Nardo et al. (2012) | X‐ray | United States | 4636 | 841 | 18.1 | ||||
| O'Driscoll et al. (1996) | MRI | Great Britain | 100 | 15 | 15.0 | ||||
| Otani et al. (2001) | MRI/CT | Asia | 1009 | 119 | 11.8 | ||||
| Peh et al. (1999) | MRI | China | 129 | 17 | 13.2 | 8 | 6.2 | 9 | 7.0 |
| Peterson et al. (2005) | X‐ray | Canada | 353 | 43 | 12.2 | ||||
| Quinlan et al. (2006) | MRI | Ireland | 769 | 35 | 4.6 | ||||
| Santiago et al. (2001) | CT | Spain | 138 | 26 | 18.8 | 16 | 11.6 | 10 | 7.2 |
| Steinberg et al. (2003) | X‐ray | Israel | 464 | 85 | 18.3 | 65 | 14.0 | 20 | 4.3 |
| Tague (2009) | Osteological material | United States | 2086 | 131 | 6.3 | ||||
| Tang et al. (2014) | X‐ray | China | 5860 | 928 | 15.8 | 0.0 | |||
| Taskaynatan et al. (2005) | X‐ray | Turkey | 881 | 48 | 5.4 | 40 | 4.5 | 8 | 0.9 |
| Tini et al. (1977) | X‐ray | Switzerland | 4000 | 269 | 6.7 | ||||
| Tins and Balain (2016) | MRI | Great Britain | 418 | 14 | 3.3 | 8 | 1.9 | 4 | 1.0 |
| Uçar et al. (2013) | X‐ray | Turkey | 3607 | 683 | 18.9 | 17.2 | 1.7 | ||
| Vergauwen et al. (1997) | CT | Belgium | 350 | 53 | 15.1 | ||||
| Total | 53,192 | 6146 | 12 | ||||||