Fig. 2.

Age- and sex-specific rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals of all-cause mortality in the second (panel A) and third (panel B) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary compared to the same weeks in 2015–2019. Blue markers—male; Magenta markers—female. Rate ratios for excess all-cause mortality with 95% confidence intervals for waves 2 and 3 were estimated for each age and sex stratum separately using generalized linear models (Poisson distribution with log link) with age- and sex-specific mortality counts as the dependent variable; age groups, sex, and time period (COVID-19 vs. control) as factors; and finally, the natural log transformed values of the age and sex-specific background population as offset. *p<0.05 Abbreviations: RR: rate ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval