TABLE 1.
Study and participant characteristics of included studies
| Author year of publication (Country; setting) | Quality score | n | Age, year | Percentager male | Mean aIMT (mm) | Max aIMT (mm) | Mean BMI; mean BMI z score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| El‐Asrar et al. 2016 (Egypt; hospital clinic) 17 | 5/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 60 | 11.5 ± 3.5 | 45 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | NR |
Group 1a: NR; 0.70 ± 1.33 Group 2b: NR; 0.74 ± 1.36 |
| Control | 30 | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 57 | 0.45 ± 0.01* | NR | NR | ||
| El Dayem et al. 2018 (Egypt; research clinic) 15 | 3/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 135 | 17.99 ± 2.59 | NR | 0.722 ± 0.108 | NR | 24.74 ± 4.07; NR |
| Control | 100 | 17.50 ± 2.67c | NR | 0.458 ± 0.046* | NR | 22.47 ± 6.45; NR | ||
| Ersoy et al. 2015 (Turkey; hospital clinic) 16 | 5/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 27 | 12.73 ± 2.98 | 52 | 0.63 ± 0.11 | NR | 19.15 ± 2.88; NR |
| Control | 30 | 11.46 ± 2.71 | 58 | 0.58 ± 0.12 | NR | 17.7 ± 3.71; NR | ||
| Harrington et al. 2010 (Australia; hospital clinic) 18 | 5/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 68 | 14.1 ± 2.5 | 54 | 0.57 ± 0.11 | 0.69 ± 0.14 | NR; 0.41 ± 0.74 |
| Control | 32 | 14.2 ± 3.0 | 47 | 0.50 ± 0.07* | 0.61 ± 0.09* | NR; 0.11 ± 0.92 | ||
| Jarvisalo et al. 2001 (Finland; hospital clinic) 23 | 6/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 44 | 11 ± 2 | 70 | 0.50 ± 0.09 | NR | NR; NR |
| Control | 28 | 11 ± 1 | 61 | 0.44 ± 0.05* | NR | NR; NR | ||
| Lilje et al. 2017 (USA; hospital clinic) 22 | 5/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 38 | 13.4 ± 3.4 | 63 | 0.60 ± 0.11 | NR | 21.4 ± 3.7; NR |
| Control | 38 | 12.7 ± 4.5 | 50 | 0.52 ± 0.10* | NR | 20.0 ± 3.6; NR | ||
| Maftei et al. 2014 (Australia; five research/ hospital centres) 21 | 8/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 406 | 14.2 ± 1.9 | NR | 0.56 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 22.0 ± 3.6; NR |
| Control | 57 | 14.0 ± 2.9 | NR | 0.51 ± 0.10* | 0.61 ± 0.12* | 20.9 ± 4.1; NR | ||
| Pena et al. 2016 (Australia; hospital clinic) 19 | 8/11 | Type 1 diabetes | 77 | 13.6 ± 2.6 | 52 | 0.56 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | NR; 0.52 ± 0.83 |
| Control | 33 | 13.9 ± 2.9 | 45 | 0.50 ± 0.07* | 0.61 ± 0.09* | NR; 0.19 ± 0.89 | ||
| Zhang et al. 2019 (China; two hospital clinics) 20 | 5/8 | Type 1 diabetes | 175 | 12.5 ± 2.6 | 46 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.69 ± 0.09 | 20.3 ± 2.0; 0.47 ± 0.33 |
| Control | 150 | 12.4 ± 2.7 | 47 | 0.51 ± 0.09* | 0.68 ± 0.08 | 19.8 ± 3.1; 0.26 ± 0.29 |
Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. aT1D with microvascular complications; bT1D without microvascular complications; cdata extracted from secondary study (El Dayem et al. 2016); *denotes significantly different from type 1 diabetes group.
Abbreviations: aIMT, aortic intima media thickness; BMI, body mass index; n, number; NR, not reported; y, years.