Fig. 5.

Study timeline. This timeline depicts the timing of the relevant events in the study. The L-shaped lines depict events that occurred over sustained periods of time. The performance feedback emails were initially sent at the beginning of each month, and up to two reminders were sent during the month to those who had not opened the initial emails; PCPs had approximately 2 wk to complete the quarterly surveys. The straight vertical lines depict discrete events. For ease of visualization, the email and survey dates are approximate. See SI Appendix, Section 4 for the precise dates of each email sent and survey launched.