Table 1.

Descriptions of intervention(s) implemented in each condition

Condition	Main intervention elements
1. Control	- Monthly emails informed PCPs of their HM completion rate over the prior 3 mo, the focus measure on which they had performed the best, and the two focus measures that they could most improve on
2. Peer comparison	- Same information as in the monthly emails in the Control Condition - Monthly emails also included a list of the names of the top 25 PCPs as well as messaging based on the recipient’s placement in the performance distribution (Top 25 Physician, High Performer, Almost High Performer, Low Performer)
3. Peer comparison and leadership training	- Same monthly emails as in the peer comparison condition - Clinical physician leaders and nonclinical managers received two training workshops (on how to provide effective support to fellow physicians) and monthly check-in emails - Physician leads had one-on-one meetings with members of the DOM Quality Team to identify specific challenges at their clinics and brainstorm strategies to address these challenges