R399-induced YAP activation is β-arrestin dependent, while INT-777–triggered YAP inhibition is Gs dependent. (A) Effects of β-arrestin 1/2 silencing, Gs silencing, or Gs inhibitor NF 449 (10 μM) on changes in YAP target gene expression induced by R399 (700 nM) or INT-777 (2 μM). (B–E) Effects of NF 449 (10 μM) and β-arrestin 1 silencing on the alterations of YAP S127 phosphorylation triggered by INT-777 (2 μM) (B and C) or R399 (700 nM) (D and E) were analyzed using Western blot. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 based on the Student’s t-test. CTRL, control; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IB, immunoblotting; mRNA, messenger RNA; ns, not significant.