Table 2.

Summary of the results of the qualitative image analysis of the in vitro and in vivo datasets

	Original CBCT images (no MAR)	Post-processed CBCT images (with MAR)	P value*
Tubes	1.00±0.00	3.50±0.51	p<0.001
Patients AVMs+dAVFs	1.00±0.00	2.85±0.70
Patients AVMs	1.00±0.00	3.04±0.72
Patients dAVFs	1.00±0.00	2.50±0.52
Patients Artifact-free layer	4.28±0.45	4.30±0.46	p>0.999

Five-point scale analysis of the in vitro and in vivo CBCT datasets by two different readers (shown as mean±SD). The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test demonstrated a significant reduction of Onyx-related artifacts by the MAR software in the CBCT images of the in vitro and in vivo datasets. Qualitative analysis showed that gray and white matter were completely differentiable on the image layers which were not affected by Onyx-related artifacts in the original (no MAR) and post-processed (with MAR) CBCT images.

*P values of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test to evaluate statistical differences between the original (no MAR) and the post-processed (with MAR) CBCT images.

AVM, arteriovenous malformation; CBCT, cone-beam CT; dAVF, dural arteriovenous fistula; MAR, metal artifact reduction.