. 2022 Jul 21;12:12482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16451-5

Table 3.

Hazard ratios and C-statistics of various models for predicting end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) as evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.

Model	Explanation variables	Hazard ratio	95% CI Lower–upper	P value	C-statistic (SD)
1	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻²	0.690	0.663–0.717	< 0.001	0.736 (0.091)
2	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻² Proteinuria, positive	0.754 6.679	0.724–0.785 4.443–10.038	< 0.001 < 0.001	0.806 (0.090)
3	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻² Proteinuria, positive HbA1c, per 1%	0.745 6.755 1.493	0.716–0.776 4.421–10.321 1.379–1.615	< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001	0.841 (0.068)
4.1	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻² Proteinuria, positive HbA1c, per 1% Serum albumin, per 3 mg/dL	0.763 4.106 1.460 0.581	0.733–0.795 2.610–6.458 1.349–1.579 0.507–0.665	< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001	0.852 (0.070)
4.2	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻² Proteinuria, positive HbA1c, per 1% Serum bilirubin, per 0.1 mg/dL	0.766 6.199 1.443 0.797	0.736–0.798 4.033–9.528 1.336–1.560 0.732–0.867	< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001	0.881 (0.061)
5	eGFR, per 5 mL min⁻¹ [1.73 m]⁻² Proteinuria, positive HbA1c, per 1% Serum albumin, per 3 mg/dL Serum bilirubin, per 0.1 mg/dL	0.773 4.019 1.432 0.626 0.865	0.742–0.805 2.540–6.361 1.325–1.548 0.543–0.722 0.797–0.938	< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001	0.895 (0.065)
6	All variables				0.905 (0.050)

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, SD standard deviation.