Table 2.
Characteristics of the development and validation cohorts.
| Development cohort (n = 351) | Validation cohort (n = 71) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 73 (63–83) | 70 (56–78) | 0.017* |
| Sex (male) | 215 (61.3) | 42 (59.2) | 0.790† |
| History of intracerebral hemorrhage | 21 (6.0) | 3 (4.2) | 0.780† |
| History of cerebral infarction | 53 (15.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0.012† |
| History of ischemic heart disease | 16 (4.6) | 3 (4.2) | 1.000† |
| History of hypertension | 207 (59.0) | 43 (60.6) | 0.895† |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 77 (21.9) | 12 (16.9) | 0.426† |
| History of dyslipidemia | 133 (37.9) | 14 (19.7) | 0.004† |
| Anticoagulant use | 26 (7.4) | 11 (15.5) | 0.037† |
| Antiplatelet use | 72 (20.5) | 10 (14.1) | 0.251† |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | 15 (12–15) | 14 (11–15) | 0.373* |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 182.5 ± 32.7 | 191.1 ± 32.6 | 0.042‡ |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 100.4 ± 22.3 | 104.1 ± 22.1 | 0.205‡ |
| PT-INR | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | 0.94 (0.91–1.04) | 0.002* |
| White blood cell count, 106/mL | 7.50 (5.80–9.94) | 8.11 (5.76–10.33) | 0.625* |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 0.243‡ |
| Platelet count, 106/mL | 211.4 ± 62.3 | 217.9 ± 55.7 | 0.415‡ |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.73 (0.60–0.90) | 0.70 (0.55–0.86) | 0.177* |
| Serum total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.702* |
| Time from onset to baseline CT scan, h | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.001* |
| Hemorrhage locations | |||
| Basal ganglia | 120 (34.2) | 31 (43.7) | 0.137† |
| Thalamus | 115 (32.8) | 23 (32.4) | 1.000† |
| Lobe | 73 (20.8) | 7 (9.9) | 0.031† |
| Brain stem | 15 (4.3) | 6 (8.5) | 0.141† |
| Cerebellum | 28 (8.0) | 4 (5.6) | 0.628† |
| Intraventricular hematoma extension | 144 (41.0) | 30 (42.3) | 0.895† |
| Baseline hematoma volume, mL | 11.9 (4.9–29.1) | 16.8 (6.2–27.9) | 0.190* |
| Intrahematoma hypodensities | 123 (35.0) | 37 (52.1) | 0.010† |
| Irregular hematoma shape | 211 (60.1) | 50 (70.4) | 0.110† |
|
Blend sign CT angiography spot sign** |
29 (8.3) 6 (7.1) |
5 (7.0) 13 (38.2) |
1.000† < 0.001† |
| Target systolic blood pressure | < 0.001† | ||
| Less than 140 mmHg | 183 (52.1) | 60 (84.5) | |
| Less than 180 mmHg | 168 (47.9) | 11 (15.5) | |
| Hematoma expansion | 71 (20.2) | 26 (36.6) | 0.005† |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
CT = computed tomography; PT-INR = prothrombin time-international normalized ratio.
*Mann–Whitney U test between the development and validation cohorts.
†Fisher’s exact test between the development and validation cohorts.
‡Student’s t test between the development and validation cohorts.
**CT angiography is not performed in all patients.