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. 2022 Jul 21;13:4119. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31262-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Patient #11: 6.2 months after receiving G47Δ and b Patient #13: 13.7 months after receiving G47Δ. Both brain tumor specimens from pre-administration showed negative immunostaining for HSV-1, and very scarce CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. Infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and positive HSV-1 immunostaining were observed after G47∆ administration at the injection site in both cases. Representative of four biopsy specimens. At autopsy, both brain tumor specimens showed viable glioblastoma cells (H&E) together with intratumoral infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. The infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was shown to persist for >13 months. Autopsy brain tumor specimens were negative for HSV-1 immunostaining. Representative of three tissue samples.