Table 3.
New Ottawa scale of the studies included in this review
| Study | Validated measure | Published | Response rate | Measure objectivity | Sufficient exposure | Representative Sample | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahlers-Schmidt et al. [18] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 5 |
| An et al. [19] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Basu et al. [20] (2021) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Berthelot et al. [21] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Brik et al. [22] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Ceulemans et al. [23] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Chrzan-Dętkoś et al. [24] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Dong et al. [25] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Durankuş et al. [26] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Fallon et al. [27] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Unknown | 3 |
| Farewell et al. [28] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Farrell et al. [29] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| Gur et al. [30] (2020) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| Hiiragi et al. [31] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Hui et al. [32] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Janevic et al. [33] (2021) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Unknown | 3 |
| Jiang et al. [34] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Khamees et al. [35] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| King et al. [36] (2021) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Lebel et al. [37] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Li et al. [38] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Li et al. [39] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Liang et al. [40] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Lin et al. [41] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Liu et al. [42] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Lubián López et al. [43] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Unknown | 3 |
| Matsushima and Horiguchi [44] (2022) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Medina-Jimenez et al. [45] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Mo et al. [46] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Molgora et al. [47] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Unknown | 4 |
| Ng et al. [48] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Nodoushan et al. [49] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| Obata et al. [50] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Oskovi-Kaplan et al. [51] (2021) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Ostacoli et al. [52] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Pariente et al. [53] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Unknown | 4 |
| Perzow et al. [54] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Racine et al. [55] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Sade et al. [56] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Silverman et al. [57] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Suárez-Rico et al. [58] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Sun et al. [59] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Kahyaoglu Sut and Kucukkaya [60] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Thayer et al. [61] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Tsakiridis et al. [62] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Unknown | 4 |
| Wang et al. [5] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| Wu et al. [63] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |
| Xu et al. [64] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Yang et al. [65] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Zanardo et al. [66] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 4 |
| Zeng et al. [67] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Zhang et al. [68] (2020) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Zhou et al. [69] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| Zilver et al. [70] (2021) | Yes | Yes | Unknown | No | Yes | Yes | 4 |