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Scoring system.
| Characteristics | β coefficient | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <60 | - | – |
| 60–74 | 0.589 | 1 | |
| ≥75 | 1.091 | 2 | |
| Tumor size (cm) | ≥5 | - | – |
| <5 | 1.129 | 2 | |
| Tumor location | Upper (≥10 cm) | - | – |
| Middle (5–10 cm) | 0.572 | 1 | |
| Lower (<5 cm) | 0.533* | 1 | |
| CEA (ng/ml) | ≥5 | - | – |
| <5 | 0.620 | 1 |
*The lowest β coefficient.
