TABLE 1.

Lactobacillus strains tested, their origins, their capacities to express TDCA hydrolase and TCA hydrolase activities, and their capacities to resist toxicity of TDCA

Group	Lactobacillus species or subspeciesa	Strainb	Origin	TDCA hydrolase activityc	TCA Hydrolase activityd	Resistance to TDCA toxicitye
Human isolates	L. acidophilus	ATCC 4356	Human	P	P	R
		ATCC 4357	Human	P	P	R
		ATCC 53544	Infant	P	P	R
		JCM 1028	Intestine	P	P	A
		JCM 1034	Intestine	P	P	R
		JCM 1229	Intestine	P	P	S
	L. amylovorus	JCM 2125	Intestine	P	P	S
		JCM 5811	Feces	P	P	A
	L. brevis	ATCC 14869	Feces	N	N	R
		BCCM 7944	Feces	P	P	R
	L. buchneri	JCM 1068	Intestine	N	N	R
		JCM 1069	Intestine	P	N	R
	L. crispatus	JCM 8778	Feces	P	P	S
		JCM 8779	Feces	P	P	S
		BCCM 12003	Infant feces	P	P	R
	L. fermentum	ATCC 11976	Infant	P	P	R
		ATCC 23271	Intestine	N	N	R
	L. gasseri	ATCC 19992	Feces	N	N	S
		JCM 1025	Intestine	P	P	A
		BCCM 9203	Human	P	P	A
	L. johnsonii	JCM 1022	Intestine	P	P	S
		JCM 8791	Feces	P	P	A
	L. paracasei subsp. paracasei	ATCC 27092	Feces	N	N	S
		JCM 1109	Intestine	N	N	S
	L. reuteri	ATCC 23272	Feces	P	P	R
		BCCM 13046	Feces	P	P	R
	L. rhamnosus	BCCM 10770	Bowel drain	N	N	S
	L. ruminis	ATCC 25644	Intestine	P	P	R
	NDf	ATCC 11146	Infant feces	N	N	S
		ATCC 53103	Feces	N	N	S
Dairy isolates	L. acidophilus	BCCM 8151	Acidophilus milk	0	N	R
	L. brevis	BCCM 11998	Dairy starter	P	P	R
		BCCM 18022	Zabady (yogurt)	P	P	R
	L. curvatus subsp. curvatus	BCCM 9198	Milk	N	N	S
	L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus	ATCC 11842	Bulgarian yogurt	0	N	S
		BCCM 12168	Homemade yogurt	0	N	R
		DSM 20080	Yogurt	0	N	S
	L. kefir	BCCM 9480	Kefir grains	N	P	A
	L. maltaromicus	BCCM 6903	Raw milk	N	N	R
	L. paracasei subsp. paracasei	BCCM 11407	Milk	N	N	S
	L. plantarum	BCCM 18021	Milk	P	P	R
		BCCM 18027	Laban Rayeb	P	P	R
		BCCM 18035	Milk	N	N	R
	L. rhamnosus	BCCM 18028	Laban Rayeb	N	N	A
		BCCM 18030	Zabady (yogurt)	N	N	R
Other isolates	L. acidophilus	ATCC 700396 (= NCK 1070)	Unknown	P	P	R
	L. fermentum	BCCM 6902	Fermented beets	N	N	S
		DSM 20050	Unknown	N	N	R
	L. gasseri	NCK 99	Unknown	P	P	S

^aThe species or subspecies as determined by the culture collection was assumed to be correct. 

^bATCC, American Type Culture Collection; JCM, Japanese Collection of Microorganisms; BCCM, Belgian Coordinated Collection of Microorganisms; DSM, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH; NCK, Todd Klaenhammer, North Carolina State University. 

^cCapacity to express TDCA hydrolase activity as detected when precipitates of deoxycholic acid appeared below bacterial colonies growing on MRS-TDCA. P, positive; N, negative; 0, no growth. 

^dCapacity to express TCA hydrolase activity as detected when [¹⁴C]cholic acid could be extracted from supernatant solutions of Lactobacillus cultures in MRS medium containing [¹⁴C]TCA. P, positive; N, negative. 

^eEstimated by examining bacterial populations growing for 0, 1, 5, and 10 h in MRS containing TDCA at concentrations of at 0, 1, 3 and 5 mM (see Materials and Methods). R, resistant; S, sensitive; A, ambiguous (statistical analysis was not able to resolve resistance or sensitivity, the result was ambiguous [see Table 2]). 

^fND, not determined.