Figure 3.

Landfilling behaviors under different assumptions about logistical barriers, subjective norms, and early adoption

Panel A presents the cumulative landfill rate in 2050, assuming fully subsidized take-back recycling programs, with various assumptions regarding the strength of subjective norms, logistical barriers, and the early adoption rate of recycling behaviors (error bars are 95% confidence intervals).

Panel B shows the yearly landfill rate of four cases: historical landfilling of rubber tires, historical landfilling of lead-acid batteries, the model’s results in the baseline, and a scenario with a 70% early adoption rate, a high influence of subjective norms on EOL decisions, and low logistical barriers (far-right green box in panel A).