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. 2022 Jul 8;13:934534. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934534

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Copyright © 2022 Pouliquen, Boissard, Henry, Coqueret and Guette.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diversity of EMT drivers in cancer. Targets of curcumin/curcuminoid reported in the literature are indicated with green (positive regulation) or red thunderstorms (negative regulation), including molecular components of signaling pathways, and gene expression/regulation of stromal and malignant cells, and secreted proteins. The role of the different epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) drivers is detailed in chapter 3, and molecular targets are described in chapters 4-6 (illustrated in Figures 3, 4). Factors such as hypoxia and its interplay with tumor calcium homeostasis may influence intercellular crosstalk leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and increased migratory and metastatic behavior, representing an additional physiological target (developed in Sections 3.2, 3.5, 3.6, 3.10 and chapters 4 and 6). The role of stiffness is also explained in the fourth paragraph of Section 3.10 and last paragraph of chapter 6. M2 → M1 symbolizes imbalance between the two macrophage subtypes producing anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively.