TABLE 2.
Ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors.
| Reagents | Target | Function | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erastin | System XC − | Restrains systemic XC − activity, inactivates the GPX4 enzyme, causes GSH depletion and induces ROS formation | Induces ferroptosis |
| RSL3 | GPX4 | Binds and inactivates GPX4 and develops lipid ROS levels | Induces ferroptosis |
| Glutamate | System XC − | Inhibits cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis at high concentrations | Induces ferroptosis |
| Artemisinin | Unknown | Produces ROS and causes oxidative stress | Induces ferroptosis |
| Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol) | 5-lipoxygenase | Inhibits ferroptosis via LOX suppression and controls cellular redox homeostasis | Inhibits ferroptosis |
| Deferoxamine | Fe2+ | Chelates excess iron, inhibits ROS accumulation and cell death | Inhibits ferroptosis |
| Ferrostatin-1 | ROS | Decrease the accumulation of lipid ROS by collecting radical antioxidants without inhibition of LOX activity | Inhibits ferroptosis |
| Liproxstain-1 | ROS | Decrease the accumulation of lipid ROS by collecting radical antioxidants without inhibition of LOX activity | Inhibits ferroptosis |
| Zileuton | 5-lipoxygenase | Controls cellular redox homeostasis | Inhibits ferroptosis |