TABLE 1.

Glycocalyx-degrading agents in critical illness.

Component	Degrading agent during critical illness	References
Hyaluronic acid	HYAL1, HYAL2, TMEM2, ROS	(17, 20–24)
Heparan sulfate	HYAL1, HEPase1, CTAP-III	(25–27, 29)
Chondroitin sulfate	HYAL4	(30)
Syndecan-1	MMP2,3,7,9, and 14, ADAM17	(35, 37, 38)
Syndecan-4	MMP2,3,7,9, and 14, ADAM17	(37, 38)
CD44	ADAM15, MMP14	(36, 126)

ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase; CTAP-III, connective tissue activating peptide-III; HEPase1, Heparanase-1; HYAL, hyaluronidase; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TMEM2, transmembrane 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species.