TABLE 2.
Glycocalyx components used as biomarkers.
| Component | Threshold/ Value |
Population, measure |
References |
| PBR | AUC = 0.778 | Sepsis, in-hospital mortality | (42) |
| AUC = 0.75 | COVID-19, 60-day mortality | (56) | |
| Syndecan-1 | OR = 1.850 | Sepsis, in-hospital mortality | (14) |
| AUC = 0.781 | Sepsis, in-hospital mortality | (42) | |
| 898 ng/mL, AUC = 0.801 |
Sepsis, 90-day mortality | (44) | |
| HR = 1.95 | Septic shock, 90-day mortality | (46) | |
| 813.8 ng/mL, AUC = 0.783 |
COVID-19, in-hospital mortality | (61) | |
| p < 0.0001 | COVID-19, critical vs severe | (63) | |
| OR = 1.01, p = 0.043 | Trauma, 30-day mortality | (74) | |
| 40 ng/mL, AUC = 0.71, OR = 2.23 |
Trauma, 30-day mortality | (76) | |
| p < 0.05 | T1D, nephropathy vs not | (95) | |
| p < 0.0001 | T1D, microalbuminuria vs not | (96) | |
| Hyaluronic acid | p = 0.006 | Sepsis, 90-day mortality | (43) |
| 441 ng/mL, AUC = 0.827 | Sepsis, 90-day mortality | (44) | |
| p < 0.001 | COVID-19, ICU vs non-ICU | (60) | |
| p < 0.05 | Trauma, coagulopathy vs not | (77) | |
| p < 0.05 | T1D, microalbuminuria vs not | (90) | |
| Heparan sulfate | p = 0.02 | Sepsis, 90-day mortality | (43) |
| p < 0.05 | Sepsis, 28-day mortality | (45) | |
| p < 0.05 | COVID-19, ICU vs non-ICU | (60) | |
| p < 0.001 | COVID-19, critical vs moderate | (63) | |
| p < 0.05 | Trauma, autoheparinization vs not | (71) |
AUC, area under the curve for a receiver-operator characteristic; HR, hazard ratio; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; PBR, perfused boundary region, a measure of glycocalyx thickness; T1D, type-1 diabetes.