Table 4.
Quality of evidence according to the GRADE criteria.
| Characteristics of the included studies | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | No. of studies | Risk of bias | Inconsistencya | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Overall GRADE quality score |
| VAS at postoperative 12h | 15 | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | serious | None | ⊕⊕⊕O Moderate |
| VAS at postoperative 24h | 28 | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | ⊕⊕⊕ Advanced |
| VAS at postoperative 48h | 14 | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | ⊕⊕⊕O Moderate |
VAS, Visual Analog Scale Score. aIndicates studies differed in the age of participants and in the detailed postoperative interventions.