Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Mechanisms of dyspnea and prevalence rates of common dyspnea-related comorbidities and risk factors in atrial fibrillation patients. Abbreviations: CAD = coronary artery disease, CD = corollary discharge, CO = cardiac output, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HR = heart rate, NO = nitric oxide. *Composed of anxiety, depression and symptom preoccupation.
