Table 5.
Associations between attitudes regarding information and healthcare and negative attitudes toward IUD, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
| Negative attitude OR (95% CI) | Negative experience OR (95% CI) | Unwillingness to use OR (95% CI) | Reference to copper-related/systemic side effects OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General reliability | ||||
| Healthcare | 1.64 (1.24–2.16) | 2.42 (1.26–4.65) | inconclusive | 2.29 (1.14–4.63) |
| Researchers | Inconclusive | 2.42 (1.29–4.53) | 1.62 (1.09–2.41) | 2.56 (1.23–5.35) |
| Politicians | Inconclusive | 1.93 (1.25–2.97) | Inconclusive | Inconclusive |
| School | 1.39 (1.13–1.71) | 1.91 (1.22–2.98) | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | Inconclusive |
| Social insurance agency | Inconclusive | Inconclusive | Inconclusive | 1.97 (1.00–3.86) |
| Police | 1.96 (1.54–2.50) | Inconclusive | 1.52 (1.11–2.07) | Inconclusive |
| Reliability on the copper IUD | ||||
| Medical professionals | 1.79 (1.31–2.43) | 3.04 (1.41–6.54) | 2.23 (1.54–3.23) | 4.36 (2.27–8.40) |
| Regulatory institutions | 1.63 (1.26–2.10) | 2.90 (1.67–5.02) | 2.03 (1.47–2.80) | 3.16 (1.69–5.90) |
| CAM | 0.67 (0.53–0.87) | Inconclusive | Inconclusive | 0.32 (0.17–0.59) |
| Social media | 0.54 (0.38–0.76) | Inconclusive | Inconclusive | 0.31 (0.14–0.65) |
| Other people encountered in person | 0.63 (0.52–0.78) | Inconclusive | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | 0.40 (0.19–0.87) |
| Own experiences | 0.59 (0.48–0.74) | Inconclusive | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | Inconclusive |
| Having taken part in info/stories on risks associated with copper IUD | ||||
| From healthcare | 2.32 (1.75–3.09) | inconclusive | 2.08 (1.42–3.04) | 3.94 (2.08–7.48) |
| From CAM | 4.20 (2.85–6.19) | 2.33 (1.16–4.68) | 2.61 (1.63–4.17) | 3.12 (1.40–6.97) |
| From other individuals | 3.23 (2.63–3.96) | inconclusive | 1.78 (1.37–2.30) | 4.35 (2.39–7.91) |
| Never | 0.36 (0.30–0.44) | inconclusive | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) | 0.22 (0.11–0.43) |
| Evaluation of information | ||||
| Source criticism | inconclusive | inconclusive | inconclusive | inconclusive |
| Access to information | 1.53 (1.22–1.92) | 2.53 (1.66–3.86) | inconclusive | inconclusive |
| Easy to discern origin of information | 1.61 (1.26–2.05) | 2.79 (1.74–4.46) | 1.51 (1.07–2.12) | 2.43 (1.04–5.71) |
| Ability to assess quality, reliability | 1.47 (1.16–1.87) | 1.86 (1.17–2.96) | inconclusive | inconclusive |
| Experiences with healthcare | ||||
| Satisfied with healthcare | 3.32 (2.11–5.24) | 7.81 (3.37–18.13) | 2.91 (1.60–5.30) | 3.04 (1.23–7.51) |
| Other attitudes | ||||
| Vaccine hesitancy | inconclusive | inconclusive | 1.51 (1.18–1.92) | inconclusive |