TABLE 3.
Results of the localization using our method and AMCL. The predicate succesfull is yes when the robot localizes accurately with respect its ML hypothesis error stays localized for the remainder of the path. The distance needed to acquire localization is both expressed as actual localization of ML and as self-reported localization (by assessing convergence). Note that self-reported localization can be reported erroneously (i.e.,. false confidence). The average ML error after localization is also reported and the average number of hypotheses used both before and after self-reported localization has been achieved.
| Scenario | A | B | C | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descr | Init Region | Total map | Clutter | ||||||||||||
| Path | A1 | A3 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | C11 | C12 | |
| ours | succesfull | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| actual dist ML | 1.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 7.2 | n/a | 5.5 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 16.4 | n/a | |
| self-rep dist | 13.2 | 4.9 | 16.3 | 22.0 | 8.4 | 24.1 | 15.7 | 20.9 | 16.9 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 9.1 | |
| ML avg er aft con | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 0.25 | n/a | 0.24 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.08 | n/a | |
| max # hyp bef con | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | |
| max # hyp aft con | 7 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 33 | 11 | n/a | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | n/a | |
| AMCL | succesfull | 5/5 | 5/5 | 2/5 | 0/5 | 5/5 | 0/5 | 0/5 | 0/5 | 3/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 3/5 | 2/5 | 5/5 |
| actual dist ML | 5.2 | 6.2 | 3.9 | n/a | 9.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 6.5 | 10.3 | 1.2 | 6.3 | 13.1 | 8.0 | |
| self-rep dist | 5 | 6.9 | 6.4 | n/a | 13.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8 | 12.2 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 12.9 | 8.7 | |
| ML avg er aft con | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.18 | n/a | 0.29 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.2 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.22 | |
| max # hyp bef con | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | n/a | 5e4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | |
| max # hyp aft con | 5e4 | 44217 | 5e4 | n/a | 5e4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 17378 | 28235 | 13527 | 5e4 | 5e4 | 5e4 | |