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. 2022 Jul 8;9:887261. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2022.887261

TABLE 3.

Results of the localization using our method and AMCL. The predicate succesfull is yes when the robot localizes accurately with respect its ML hypothesis error stays localized for the remainder of the path. The distance needed to acquire localization is both expressed as actual localization of ML and as self-reported localization (by assessing convergence). Note that self-reported localization can be reported erroneously (i.e.,. false confidence). The average ML error after localization is also reported and the average number of hypotheses used both before and after self-reported localization has been achieved.

Scenario A B C
Descr Init Region Total map Clutter
Path A1 A3 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 C11 C12
ours succesfull yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes no
actual dist ML 1.7 4.9 1.7 8.3 4.9 5.3 1.1 7.2 n/a 5.5 7.1 10.3 16.4 n/a
self-rep dist 13.2 4.9 16.3 22.0 8.4 24.1 15.7 20.9 16.9 5.5 4.0 6.0 2.9 9.1
ML avg er aft con 0.05 0.33 0.07 0.23 0.28 0.36 0.13 0.25 n/a 0.24 0.51 0.16 0.08 n/a
max # hyp bef con 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
max # hyp aft con 7 9 7 10 7 5 33 11 n/a 8 7 5 6 n/a
AMCL succesfull 5/5 5/5 2/5 0/5 5/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 3/5 4/5 4/5 3/5 2/5 5/5
actual dist ML 5.2 6.2 3.9 n/a 9.3 n/a n/a n/a 6.5 10.3 1.2 6.3 13.1 8.0
self-rep dist 5 6.9 6.4 n/a 13.3 n/a n/a n/a 8 12.2 2.9 7.4 12.9 8.7
ML avg er aft con 0.19 0.32 0.18 n/a 0.29 n/a n/a n/a 0.2 0.17 0.25 0.36 0.42 0.22
max # hyp bef con 5e4 5e4 5e4 n/a 5e4 n/a n/a n/a 5e4 5e4 5e4 5e4 5e4 5e4
max # hyp aft con 5e4 44217 5e4 n/a 5e4 n/a n/a n/a 17378 28235 13527 5e4 5e4 5e4