TABLE 2.

Components and examples of signalling molecules involved in intracellular crosstalk.

Component	Pro-inflammatory	Anti-inflammatory
Stimuli	LPS, IFN-γ, DAMPs, epinephrine, norepinephrine	acetylcholine
Chemokines	CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CSCL16, CCL	CCL1, CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CCL24,
Cytokines and growth factors	TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23	IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-21, TGF-β,
Transcription factors	NF-kB, STAT1, STAT5, IRF3, IRF5,	STAT3, STAT6, IRF4,

Abbreviations: CCL, chemokine C-C motif ligand, CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; DAMPs, damage associated molecular patterns; IFN-γ, interferon gamma, IL, interleukin; IRF, interferon regulator factor; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta

Note: This does not include receptors such as Toll-like receptors or alpha and beta adrenergic receptors that facilitate intracellular cross talk, or pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that regulate the activities of transcription factors.