Table 2.

Prophylaxis recommendations for surgical site infections in neonates [adapted from Laituri et al. (228)].

Wound classification	Examples of procedures	First choice of antibiotics	Penicillin Allergy	Initial dose timing	Post-op duration	Citation
Clean (class 1)	PDA ligation, CVL insertion, inguinal hernia, circumcision. Exceptions: CDH repair, gastroschisis reduction, omphalocele.	None	NA	NA	NA	(228, 230–232)
Clean-contaminated (class 2)	Duodenal atresia repair, gastrostomy (G)-tube insertion, choledochal cyst excision. Exceptions: laparoscopy pyloromyotomy, colorectal surgery	cefazolin IV		Within 1 h of incision	None	(228)
Contaminated (class IV)	Perforated NEC	See NEC guidelines
Specific cases	Gastroschisis	Ampicillin or cloxacillin + gentamicin	Cloxacillin + gentamicin	At birth	Discontinue after wound closure	(228, 235)
Specific cases	Colorectal surgery	Cefazolin + metronidazole		within 1 h of incision	Discontinue within 24 h of surgery	(241, 242)