Figure 1.

The effect of external exposome on epithelial barriers of skin lung and intestine. Due to climate change, extreme weather events have become more frequent and more intense. The air was polluted, and biodiversity was lost. Dietary preferences have shifted toward increased consumption of processed foods, n-6 fatty acids and GM foods. Exposure to environmental substances such as, detergents, PM, ozone, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, microplastics, environmental tobacco smoke and airborne allergens were increased. Finally, the microbiome was affected, and increase in harmful commensals resulted in dysbiosis. All these factors affect and disrupt the epithelial barriers of skin, lung and gastrointestinal system and cause allergic diseases.