Table 4.
Anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19.
| aCL IgG Neg (n = 116) | aCL IgG Pos (n = 41) | Total (n = 157) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age—years | 0.6681 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 68.1 (16.2) | 66.8 (16.5) | 67.7 (16.2) | |
| Range | 20–96 | 30–94 | 20–96 | |
| Female—n (%) | 55 (47.4%) | 13 (31.7%) | 68 (43.3%) | 0.0812 |
| Duration of symptoms—days | < 0.0011 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 13.0 (8.1) | 19.5 (10.7) | 14.7 (9.3) | |
| Range | 1–47 | 3–47 | 1–47 | |
| Missing values | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Severe symptoms—n (%) | 61 (52.6%) | 37 (90.2%) | 98 (62.4%) | < 0.0012 |
| Intensive care—n (%) | 27 (23.3%) | 26 (63.4%) | 53 (33.8%) | < 0.0012 |
| Medical history—n (%) | ||||
| Thrombosis | 13 (11.2%) | 4 (9.8%) | 17 (10.8%) | 0.7972 |
| Heart failure | 6 (5.2%) | 2 (4.9%) | 8 (5.1%) | 0.9412 |
| Stroke | 9 (7.8%) | 3 (7.3%) | 12 (7.6%) | 0.9272 |
| Coronary heart disease | 9 (7.8%) | 4 (9.8%) | 13 (8.3%) | 0.6902 |
| Diabetes | 23 (19.8%) | 10 (24.4%) | 33 (21.0%) | 0.5382 |
| High Blood Pressure | 59 (50.9%) | 17 (41.5%) | 76 (48.4%) | 0.3012 |
| Chronic renal failure | 11 (9.5%) | 1 (2.4%) | 12 (7.6%) | 0.1452 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 9 (7.8%) | 6 (14.6%) | 15 (9.6%) | 0.1982 |
| Cancer | 20 (17.2%) | 6 (14.6%) | 26 (16.6%) | 0.6992 |
| Anticoag. treatment—n (%) | 74 (64.3%) | 34 (82.9%) | 108 (69.2%) | 0.0272 |
| Missing values | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Invasive ventilation—n (%) | 17 (14.6%) | 18 (43.9%) | 35 (22.3%) | < 0.0012 |
| Thrombotic events—n (%) | 5 (5.6%) | 3 (9.4%) | 8 (6.6%) | 0.4532 |
| Missing values | 26 | 9 | 35 | |
| PMN (G/L) | 0.0071 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 5.3 (3.5) | 7.0 (3.6) | 5.7 (3.6) | |
| Range | 1–20 | 1.6–15 | 1–20 | |
| Missing values | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Lymphocytes (G/L) | 0.3161 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.7) | |
| Range | 0.1–3.9 | 0.2–3.1 | 0.1–3.9 | |
| Missing values | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| NLR | 0.5881 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 6.2 (7.7) | 6.9 (6.7) | 6.4 (7.4) | |
| Range | 0.7–60 | 1.2–37.9 | 0.7–60 | |
| Missing values | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Eosinopenia | 66 (57.4%) | 26 (63.4%) | 92 (59.0%) | 0.5012 |
| Missing values | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Death—n (%) | 15 (16.7%) | 4 (12.9%) | 19 (15.7%) | 0.6192 |
| Missing values | 26 | 10 | 36 | |
| Extracellular DNA (ng/mL) | 0.0311 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1337.3 (765.5) | 1777.7 (988.7) | 1461.6 (852.1) | |
| Range | 176.2–2922.0 | 381.7–3977.1 | 176.2–3977.1 | |
| Citrullinated histone H3 (ng/mL) | 0.3601 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 7.8 (7.7) | 10.3 (11.4) | 8.5 (9.0) | |
| Range | 0.4–28.3 | 0.6–34.3 | 0.4–34.3 | |
| Missing values | 82 | 26 | 108 | |
PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophils, NLR neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, 1Student’s t test, 2Pearson’s Chi-squared test.