Table 3.

Behavior change techniques (BCTs) taxonomy specified in guiding the interventions. One BCT cluster might appear in multiple studies (n=32).

BCT cluster	Studies, n (%)
1. Goals and planning	17 (53)
2. Feedback and monitoring	13 (41)
3. Social support	19 (59)
4. Shaping knowledge	27 (84)
5. Natural consequences	3 (9)
6. Comparison of behaviors	18 (56)
7. Associations	4 (13)
8. Repetition and substitution	4 (13)
9. Comparison of outcomes	19 (59)
10. Reward and threat	1 (3)
11. Regulation	1 (3)
12. Antecedents	10 (31)
13. Identity	10 (31)
14. Scheduled consequences	0 (0)
15. Self-belief	4 (13)
16. Covert learning	0 (0)