TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Author, year, reference number, country | Sample size | Maternal characteristics | Mean value of the nutritional state (±SD) | Offspring's characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age a (year) | Prevalence of overnutrition (%) | Age a (year) | Male (%) | |||
| Andersson, 2015, 50 Sweden | 89,829 | 23–33 |
GWG: 14 ± 4.2 kg |
18.3 | 100.0 | |
| Daraki, 2015, 51 Greece | 438 | 29–30 |
ppBMI>25: 33.8 |
4 | 52.0 | |
| Dello Russo, 2013, 56 Germany, Hungary, Italy, Cyprus, Spain, Estonia, Sweden, Belgium | 4005 | 28.4 (28.2–28.6) |
excessive GWG: 58.3 |
2–9 | 52.8 | |
| Derraik, 2015, 54 New Zealand | 70 | 17–42 | ppBMI>25: 29.6 | 4–11 | 61.0 | |
| Fraser, 2010, 13 UK | 5154 | 29.2 ± 4.5 |
ppBMI>25: 23.4 excessive GWG: 27.2 |
9 | 49.5 | |
| Gademan, 2010, 55 The Netherlands | 3074 | 25–37 | ppBMI>25: 21.5 | 5–6 | 50.0 | |
| Gaillard, 2015, 49 The Netherlands |
5735 (ppBMI) 3118 (GWG) |
30.3 ± 5.1 |
ppBMI: 23.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2 GWG: 14.9 ± 5.8 kg |
5.6–8 | 49.9 | |
| Gaillard, 2016, 12 Australia | 1392 | 29 ± 5.8 |
ppBMI: 21.3 (17.2–34.4) kg/m2 GWG: 0.4 kg/wk |
16.7–17.7 | 50.7 | |
| Harville, 2019, 57 USA |
200 (pp BMI) 219 (GWG) |
14.3–33.7 | ppBMI: 23.0 ± 5.6 kg/m2 | 27 ± 8.4 | 0.0 | |
| Hochner, 2012, 18 Israel | 1248 | 28.4 ± 5.5 |
ppBMI: 23.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2 GWG: 11.0 ± 4.6 kg |
32 ± 0 | 49.5 | |
| Karachaliou, 2015, 51 Greece | 518 | 29.9 ± 5.0 | excessive GWG: 45.0 | 4 | 50.0 | |
| Laor, 1997, 52 Israel | 10,533 | 20–31 | ND | ND | 17 | 61.4 |
| Lawlor, 2004, 22 Australia | 8458 | 25 ± 5.1 | ppBMI: 22.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2 | 5 | 51.0 | |
| Oken, 2007, 10 USA | 970 | 15–44 | excessive GWG: 51.0 | 3 | 51.0 | |
| Perng, 2014, 14 USA |
1073 (adjusted model) 837 (unadjusted model) |
15–44 |
ppBMI>25: 35.3 excessive GWG: 57.7 |
7.7 (6.6–10.9) | 49.7 | |
| Roberts, 2005, 23 UK |
7430 (systolic) 7428 (diastolic) |
29 ± 4.6 | ppBMI>25: 10.5 | 7.5 | 50.8 | |
| Tam, 2018, 17 China | 371 | 31.3 ± 4.6 | excessive GWG: 41.0 | 7 ± 0 | 52.0 | |
Abbreviations: GWG, gestational weight gain; ND, no data; ppBMI, prepregnancy body mass index.
a
Age is expressed in mean ± standard deviation or range or median (interquartile range).