FIND 2020c (CH).
Study characteristics | |||
Patient Sampling | Single‐group study to estimate sensitivity and specificity at single site; this extraction is for data from Switzerland (see FIND 2020c (BR) and FIND 2020c (DE) for extraction of data from other sites): patients seeking COVID‐19 testing at main testing centre; described as presenting either with symptoms compatible with a SARS‐CoV2 infection, or with a known positive contact or asymptomatic HCWs (n = 529; from total cohort of 1064 volunteers) Recruitment: consecutive recruitment Prospective or retrospective: prospective |
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Patient characteristics and setting | Setting: community (main testing centre) Location: Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve (HUG), Geneva Country: Switzerland Dates: 9‐23 October 2020 Symptoms and severity: not stated; time pso recorded for 183/191, 96% 141/183 COVID positive cases had symptoms for 0‐4 days (77%) Demographics: not stated Exposure history: not stated |
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Index tests | Test name: STANDARD Q COVID‐19 Ag (09COV30D) Manufacturer: SD Biosensor Inc Antibody: not reported Ag target: not reported Test method: rapid chromatographic immunoassay in lateral flow format Samples used: NP Transport media: proprietary swab/media provided by SD Biosensor Sample storage: author contact advises tested as soon as possible and within the time limit specified in the IFU Test operator: HCW Definition of test positivity: presence of visible control and test lines Blinding reported: yes Timing of samples: median not reported (range 0‐15); day < 0‐3, 122, 67%; day 4‐7, 54, 29%; day 8+; 7, 34% |
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Target condition and reference standard(s) | Reference standard: RT‐PCR Roche Cobas; Ct threshold < 40 (from Figure) Definition of non‐COVID cases: same as for cases. Single negative PCR required for absence of infection Genetic target(s): not stated Samples used: NP swab (paired, from contralateral nostril) Timing of reference standard: not stated; author contact advises only paired swabs used Blinded to index test: yes Incorporated index test: no |
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Flow and timing | Time interval between index and reference tests: paired swabs; 0 to several days based on PCR turnaround times at the lab All participants received same reference standard: yes Missing data: reports 0 missing data Uninterpretable results: none reported Indeterminate results (index test): none reported Indeterminate results (reference standard): none reported Unit of analysis: participant |
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Comparative | |||
Notes | Funding: FIND Publication status: published Source: FIND/HUG websites/IFU index test Author COI: none stated (these are independent evaluations) |
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Methodological quality | |||
Item | Authors' judgement | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns |
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection | |||
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? | Yes | ||
Was a case‐control design avoided? | Yes | ||
Did the study avoid inappropriate inclusions? | Yes | ||
Could the selection of patients have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the included patients and setting do not match the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Evaluations of single test application) | |||
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Yes | ||
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified? | Yes | ||
Could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | Low risk | ||
Are there concerns that the index test, its conduct, or interpretation differ from the review question? | Low concern | ||
DOMAIN 2: Index Test (Evaluations of serial (repeat) testing) | |||
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard | |||
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition? | No | ||
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests? | Yes | ||
Reference standard does not incorporate result of index test? | Yes | ||
Could the reference standard, its conduct, or its interpretation have introduced bias? | High risk | ||
Are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the question? | High | ||
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing | |||
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard? | Yes | ||
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? | Yes | ||
Were all patients included in the analysis? | Yes | ||
Did all participants receive a reference standard? | Yes | ||
Could the patient flow have introduced bias? | Low risk |