Table 3.
Odd ratios (OR) for having multimorbidity and multimorbidity severity compared to having no physical health conditions
| 1 or more physical health conditions | 1 or 2 physical health conditions | 3 or more physical health conditions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR [95% CI]a | Adjusted OR [95% CI]a | Adjusted OR [95% CI]b | Adjusted OR [95% CI]b | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White British | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black British/Other Black background | 1.65 [1.51–1.81] | 1.64 [1.49–1.81] | 1.42 [1.27–1.58] | 2.06 [1.83–2.31] |
| Black African | 1.48 [1.35–1.62] | 1.41 [1.23–1.56] | 1.36 [1.22–1.52] | 1.50 [1.33–1.70] |
| Black Caribbean | 2.04 [1.81–2.29] | 1.79 [1.58–2.03] | 1.61 [1.40–1.84] | 2.09 [1.81–2.42] |
| Other White background | 0.88 [0.79–0.98] | 0.95 [0.84–1.07] | 1.04 [0.91–1.18] | 0.78 [0.66–0.92] |
| Asian British/Other Asian background | 1.05 [0.90–1.21] | 1.05 [0.90–1.23] | 1.05 [0.88–1.24] | 1.06 [0.87–1.30] |
| Irish | 1.00 [0.79–1.25] | 0.94 [0.74–1.21] | 0.90 [0.69–1.19] | 1.02 [0.75–1.39] |
| Indian | 1.34 [1.05–1.70] | 1.25 [0.97–1.60] | 1.25 [0.96–1.63] | 1.26 [0.92–1.71] |
| Pakistani | 0.98 [0.73–1.30] | 1.03 [0.76–1.38] | 1.09 [0.80–1.50] | 0.89 [0.59–1.33] |
| Chinese | 0.65 [0.46–0.92] | 0.61 [0.43–0.88] | 0.70 [0.47–1.04] | 0.47 [0.27–0.81] |
| Bangladeshi | 0.92 [0.64–1.32] | 0.96 [0.66–1.42] | 1.07 [0.71–1.61] | 0.78 [0.46–1.33] |
| Mixed ethnic background | 1.12 [0.95–1.32] | 1.15 [0.97–1.36] | 1.11 [0.92–1.34] | 1.22 [0.98–1.52] |
| Other ethnic background | 0.64 [0.57–0.72] | 0.66 [0.58–0.75] | 0.75 [0.65–0.86] | 0.50 [0.41–0.61] |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Women | 0.99 [0.92–1.04] | 0.97 [0.92–1.04] | 1.02 [0.95–1.09] | 0.90 [0.83–0.98] |
| Age | ||||
| 13–17 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 18–34 years | 1.11 [0.97–1.27] | 1.05 [0.91–1.21] | 0.99 [0.86–1.16] | 1.15 [0.96–1.39] |
| 35–49 years | 1.24 [1.09–1.42] | 1.13 [0.99–1.31] | 1.12 [0.97–1.31] | 1.14 [0.95–1.38] |
| 50–65 years | 1.49 [1.29–1.71] | 1.53 [1.32–1.78] | 1.49 [1.27–1.75] | 1.60 [1.31–1.96] |
| Area-level deprivation | ||||
| Least deprived (IMD deciles 7–10) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Middle deprivation (IMD deciles 5–6) | 1.38 [1.21–1.56] | 1.26 [1.11–1.43] | 1.17 [1.02–1.34] | 1.50 [1.25–1.79] |
| Second most deprived (IMD deciles 3–4) | 1.44 [1.28–1.61] | 1.27 [1.13–1.43] | 1.15 [1.02–1.31] | 1.56 [1.32–1.84] |
| Most deprived (IMD deciles 1–2) | 1.52 [1.35–1.70] | 1.32 [1.18–1.49] | 1.21 [1.07–1.37] | 1.61 [1.37–1.90] |
| Observation period (years) | 1.07 [1.06–1.07] | 1.06 [1.05–1.07] | 1.02 [1.02–1.03] | 1.13 [1.12–1.14] |
Notes: a – results from logistic regression; b – results from multinomial regression. Significant results are indicated in bold.